WELCHE GRÖßEN BEEINFLUSSEN DIE MENGE DER VON BIENEN UND WESPEN AN DER FUTTERQUELLE AUFGENOMMENEN ZUCKERLÖSUNG

Abstract

SUMMARY FACTORS DETERMINING THE VOLUME OF SUGAR SOLUTION BEES AND WASPS COLLECT PER TRIP AT THE FOOD SOURCEWith honeybees (Apis mellifica) and wasps (Paravespula germanica and P. vulgaris), the volume of load per trip as a function of different variables is described.With bees, the volume of load per trip depends on the form of the food container (Fig. 1, inserted figure on the left).With bees, the volume of load per trip grows with increasing concentration of the sucrose solution. With wasps, the volume of load per trip does not depend on the sucrose concentration (Fig. 2).With bees and wasps, the volume of load per trip rises with increasing influx velocity of the solution (Fig. 3).With bees, the volume of load per trip remains nearly constant even when the temperature of the solution varies considerably (Fig. 4, inserted figure).With bees and wasps, the volume of load per trip grows with increasing air temperature at the food source. The slopes of the curves depend on the temperature range (Fig. 4).With bees, the volume of load per trip depends on the size of the rectal bladder (Fig. 5)

Olfactory feedback in the scent marking behaviour of foraging honeybees at the food source?

“…The absence of scent marking behaviour in bees visiting blossoms in nature should probably not be ascribed to the flower fragrance, but rather to the quantity of sugar available per unit of time in natural nectar, being usually below the threshold for the release of Nasonov scent marking behaviour (Pflumm, 1970). The scent marking behaviour of water foragers requires further investigation (the results of Free & Williams (1970) having not been confirmed (Pflumm et aL, see discussion 1978)).…”

“…The bees visited an artificial glass flower ( Fig. 1 in Pflumm, 1977), which produced an odourless 55% (g/ 100 g) solution of D(+)-sucrose. The forager could drink as fast as she required, equivalent to a 'full rate of supply' of the sugar syrup as defined by Pflumm (1969).…”

“…Duration 'b' is a part of 'c', and 'a' plus 'c' is the total duration of scent marking behaviour after landing on the food source. Taking into consideration all the activities involved in scent marking behaviour, it is 'b' that has the highest threshold (Pflumm, 1970).…”

Papierwespen im Konflikt zwischen Angriffs‐ und Saugtendenz Versuche an einer künstlichen Futterquelle

“…Diese sind aus friiheren Arbeiten iibernommen (PFLUMM 1969a(PFLUMM , 1973(PFLUMM , 1978; J o r t ist auch dargestellt, wie die Putzbewegungen ablaufen. Die Verteilung der Putzbewegungen auf die Korperpartien unmittelbar nach der Saugunterbrechung (weifie Saulen in Abb.…”

“…5,unten VAN IERSEL und BOL 1958). Damit erklarte ich die Einflusse der Konzentration und Zufluarate der Zuckerlosung sowie der Temperatur an der Futterquelle auf das Putzverhalten von Bienen und Wespen (PFLUMM 1969(PFLUMM a, 1973(PFLUMM , 1978(PFLUMM , 1979 Nach PFLUMM (1978) werden wahrend des Saugens auftretende Putzbewegungen vorwiegend mit den Hinterbeinen durchgefuhrt. Bevorzugt mit den Mundwerkzeugen putzt sich die Wespe einerseits in dendurch niedrige Temperatur bedingten -Saugunterbrechungen, andererseits kurz vor dem Abflug (PFLUM,M 1978, Abb.…”