“…The theory has a long history; for example, the singular Cauchy problem concerning the equilibrium of a sphere of a polytropic gas had been considered by Emden 1 in 1907. Singular initial value problems for various classes of ordinary differential equations had been studied, for example, in previous studies 2â6 ; for twoâpoint and more general boundary problems for such equations, see previous works 7,8 and references therein. In contrast to the case of ordinary differential equations, significantly less is known for singular equations with argument deviations 9â16 .…”