Weight Status and Gross Motor Skill in Kindergarten Children

Roberts, Dawn E.; Veneri, Diana; Decker, Robert C.; Gannotti, Mary

doi:10.1097/pep.0b013e3182680f19

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The overall description is of boys with obesity who are more likely seen as unsettled, erratic, physical in some peer relationships, and excluded from others. Kindergarten-aged children with obesity are more likely to have poor gross motor skills (e.g., in locomotion and balance; Roberts, Veneri, Decker, & Gannotti, 2012). In addition, developmental coordination disorder is more likely in young children with obesity (Hendrix, Prins, & Dekkers, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“No fat friend of mine”: Young children's responses to overweight and disability

2016

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Two studies investigated 4-to 6-year-old children's weight bias. In Study 1, 126 children read illustrated books where a main character ('Alfie') was healthy weight, in a wheelchair, or overweight. In Study 2, 150 children read the same stories where the character was female ('Alfina'), or stories where her friends were fat. Children rated 'Alfie'/'Alfina' and a comparison character on nine attributes/behaviours, and chose one that best represented each attribute. Fat and wheelchair 'Alfie'/'Alfina' were rated less likely to win a race, and fat 'Alfie'/'Alfina' as having fewer friends. When forced to choose between characters, fat 'Alfie'/'Alfina' was rejected on most constructs. Children's gender, self-perceived shape, and character's friends' size had no effect on judgements. These findings show children's preferences away from fatness rather than outright rejection, and mostly clearly in friendship choices. Understanding young children's weight bias is important given their increasing involvement in obesity surveillance, prevention, and management.Keywords: Weight bias; Anti-fat attitudes; Stereotyping; Children; Disability; Social rejection 3 "No fat friend of mine": Young children's responses to overweight and disability Bias against people with obesity is evident through well-documented inequities in key areas of people's lives such as employment, education, and healthcare (Puhl & Heuer, 2009). The unacceptability of fatness is reflected in media such as advertising and TV programming and in a portrayal of weight loss that is contingent on personal effort. Given that people with obesity are consequently blamed for their state of body it is unsurprising that experienced (and perceived) weight bias increases vulnerability to psychological and emotional distress.Social marginalization is pivotal to weight bias and stems from the pervasive negative stereotypes regarding the character and behaviour of people with obesity (Puhl & Heuer, 2009). Research into children's obesity stereotyping has a long history and originated in studies of their perception of disability. Asking 10-to11-year-old children, "Which boy (girl) do you like best" from six drawings of children with different physical disabilities, no disability, or obesity, showed the obese child was generally the last to be selected (Richardson, Goodman, Hastorf, & Dornbusch, 1961). In a replication some 40 years later, pre-teen children were even less likely to choose the obese child drawing as being liked over any of the others (Latner & Stunkard, 2003). Increases in obesity prevalence over this period and children's presumed increased familiarity with obesity appear to have done little to ameliorate these negative views.Reviewing the literature on weight stigma in children and adolescents, Puhl and Latner (2007) distinguish educators, parents, and peers as the primary sources of weight bias. The rejection of an obese target (usually a drawing or cartoon) as a friend, someone to play with, or to date, is common to many studies of teens and younge...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“No fat friend of mine”: Young children's responses to overweight and disability

2016

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“…Seven (58%) studies found statistically significant inverse association between FMS total score and BMI [18,21,[23][24][25][26][27]. Three of these were classified as high quality [21,23,27].…”

Section: Association Between Fms and Weight Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies used a product-oriented test for assessing FMS performance [17,18,24,26] and in three of them FMS were significantly inversely associated with weight status estimated using BMI [18,24,26]. None of these were classified as high quality.…”

Section: Association Between Fms and Weight Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In four studies FMS competency was defined using product-oriented tests (i.e. outcomes): the Movement Assessment Battery for Children in two studies [17,24], the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (second edition) in one study [26] and a combination of individual test items from the Early Screening Inventory Revised, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Cohort of 1998-1999, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children in one study [18]. In one study FMS competency was defined using a combination of both process-oriented and product-oriented tests [22]: the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency.…”

Section: Fms Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three of the studies were from Australia [21,27,28], three from Europe [23][24][25] (Belgium, Finland and Italy), three from the USA [17,18,26], two from South America [29,30] (Brazil) and one from Africa [22] (South Africa). The number of study participants ranged from 38 [17] to 4650 [18]. All the studies examined associations between FMS and weight status using correlation and/or regression analyses.…”

Section: Overview Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental movement skills and weight status in children: A systematic review

Slotte¹,

Sääkslahti²,

Kukkonen-Harjula³

et al. 2017

Balt J Health Phys Act

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Open Access License:This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. abstract BackgroundObesity has become a major health challenge in children. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are suggested to have an important role for being physically active and decreasing the risk of obesity. This systematic review aimed to give an overview of studies providing evidence for a relationship between FMS and the weight status in children. Material/MethodsA systematic search of five electronic databases (MEDLINE (PubMed), SportDiscus, ERIC, PsycInfo and SCOPUS) was conducted in January 2015. Studies examining associations between FMS and weight status in children aged 3-12 years were included. ResultsThe final sample included 12 cross-sectional studies. Seven studies found statistically significant inverse association between FMS and body mass index (BMI). Three studies used waist circumference (WC), and significant inverse associations were found in two of these. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used in one study and significant association was found between FMS and abdominal and total body fat percentage. One study, using skinfolds, found no association. ConclusionsBased on the findings of the 12 studies, the relationship between FMS and weight status in children aged 3-12 years remains unclear. Developing competency in FMS may have important health consequences, and more studies are needed in which body composition is objectively measured with DXA. Among children and adolescents, obesity has substantially increased worldwide. A recent systematic review indicated that between 1980 and 2013, the prevalence of overweight or obese children and adolescents (ages 2-19 years) increased by nearly 50%. In 2013, approximately 23% of girls and 24% of boys living in developed countries and 13% of girls and 8% of boys in developing countries were found to be overweight or obese [1]. Obesity is associated with multiple physical and psychological health problems already in childhood as well as with co-morbidities later in life [2]. Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge [1].The observed increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is a likely consequence of a change in physical activity (PA) and nutrition patterns over time [3]. Adequate PA, together with healthy weight, is a protective factor against many health problems. PA has beneficial effects on adiposity, musculoskeletal health and fitness, and several components of cardiovascular health in children and adolescents [4]. Moreover, data from observational studies indicate dose-response relationships -the more PA, the greater the health benefits, and result...

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Excessive Weight Bearing Compromises Foot Structure and Function Across the Lifespan

Steele

Riddiford‐Harland

Mickle

2014

The Mechanobiology of Obesity and Related Diseases

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The base of support for the musculoskeletal system during most physical activities is the feet. Feet are highly unique and flexible structures, which are required to perform extremely diverse functions, particularly during weightbearing tasks. Although feet that are structurally sound can usually perform tasks of daily living with ease, deviations from normal foot structure or alignment can compromise foot function and, in turn, cause discomfort or pain. Extensive research has confirmed that obesity negatively affects foot structure and function. Obese individuals have been found to have broader, thicker and flatter feet; generate significantly higher dynamic plantar pressures; and alter their foot mechanics during walking relative to their non-overweight counterparts. The need for overweight and obese individuals to bear excess body mass has also been associated with the development of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort in the feet, which can be severe enough to limit these individuals from participating in activities of daily living, work and recreation. As this can perpetuate the cycle of obesity, the compromised foot structure of obese individuals is deemed a major health issue. In this chapter, we review the effects of bearing excessive body mass on foot structure and function across a lifespan and, where possible, highlight the impact of this excessive weight bearing on the ability of individuals to perform activities of daily living. Based on the studies reviewed we recommend that evidence-based interventions be designed to reduce excess fat mass in overweight and obese individuals, focussing on non-weight bearing activities to relieve loading of their foot structures and, in turn, improve the quality of life of these individuals.

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Weight Status and Gross Motor Skill in Kindergarten Children

Abstract: Clinicians should consider adjusting gross motor expectations for locomotor or stability tasks in young children with obesity.

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

“No fat friend of mine”: Young children's responses to overweight and disability

“No fat friend of mine”: Young children's responses to overweight and disability

Fundamental movement skills and weight status in children: A systematic review

Excessive Weight Bearing Compromises Foot Structure and Function Across the Lifespan

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