Weight Science: Evaluating the Evidence for a Paradigm Shift

Bacon, Linda; Aphramor, Lucy

doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-9

Cited by 540 publications

(608 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…'go on a diet') and exercise more. Such an approach, however, is generally unsuccessful in decreasing body mass in the long term (4)(5)(6) . Moreover, there is evidence that dieting, and particularly repeated dieting attempts (i.e.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article Relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review

Dyke¹,

Drinkwater

2013

Public Health Nutr.

213

166

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Objective: To review the peer-reviewed literature on relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators and suggest areas of inquiry for future research. We define the fundamental principles of intuitive eating as: (i) eating when hungry; (ii) stopping eating when no longer hungry/full; and (iii) no restrictions on types of food eaten unless for medical reasons. Design: We include articles cited by PubMed, PsycInfo and Science Direct published in peer-reviewed journals or theses that include 'intuitive eating' or related concepts in the title or abstract and that test relationships between intuitive eating and physical or mental health indicators. Results: We found twenty-six articles that met our criteria: seventeen cross-sectional survey studies and nine clinical studies, eight of which were randomised controlled trials. The cross-sectional surveys indicate that intuitive eating is negatively associated with BMI, positively associated with various psychological health indicators, and possibly positively associated with improved dietary intake and/or eating behaviours, but not associated with higher levels of physical activity. From the clinical studies, we conclude that the implementation of intuitive eating results in weight maintenance but perhaps not weight loss, improved psychological health, possibly improved physical health indicators other than BMI (e.g. blood pressure; cholesterol levels) and dietary intake and/or eating behaviours, but probably not higher levels of physical activity. Conclusions: Research on intuitive eating has increased in recent years. Extant research demonstrates substantial and consistent associations between intuitive eating and both lower BMI and better psychological health. Additional research can add to the breadth and depth of these findings. The article concludes with several suggestions for future research.

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confidence: 99%

Review Article Relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review

Dyke¹,

Drinkwater

2013

Public Health Nutr.

213

166

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show abstract

“…The ancient prescription of Hippocrates (400 BC) that the obese should eat less and exercise more (1) continues nowadays to be a widespread approach for weight management despite its well-documented failures (2) . Weight regain is generally the rule, with long-term follow-up studies indicating that one-third to two-thirds of the weight lost is regained within 1 year and almost all is regained within 5 years (3) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How dieting makes some fatter: from a perspective of human body composition autoregulation

2012

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Dieting makes you fat -the title of a book published in 1983 -embodies the notion that dieting to control body weight predisposes the individual to acquire even more body fat. While this notion is controversial, its debate underscores the large gap that exists in our understanding of basic physiological laws that govern the regulation of human body composition. A striking example is the key role attributed to adipokines as feedback signals between adipose tissue depletion and compensatory increases in food intake. Yet, the relative importance of fat depletion per se as a determinant of post-dieting hyperphagia is unknown. On the other hand, the question of whether the depletion of lean tissues can provide feedback signals on the hunger-appetite drive is rarely invoked, despite evidence that food intake during growth is dominated by the impetus for lean tissue deposition, amidst proposals for the existence of protein-static mechanisms for the regulation of growth and maintenance of lean body mass. In fact, a feedback loop between fat depletion and food intake cannot explain why human subjects recovering from starvation continue to overeat well after body fat has been restored to prestarvation values, thereby contributing to 'fat overshooting'. In addressing the plausibility and mechanistic basis by which dieting may predispose to increased fatness, this paper integrates the results derived from re-analysis of classic longitudinal studies of human starvation and refeeding. These suggest that feedback signals from both fat and lean tissues contribute to recovering body weight through effects on energy intake and thermogenesis, and that a faster rate of fat recovery relative to lean tissue recovery is a central outcome of body composition autoregulation that drives fat overshooting. A main implication of these findings is that the risk of becoming fatter in response to dieting is greater in lean than in obese individuals.

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“…For example, sitting time has been shown to be associated with increased cardio-metabolic risk independent of levels of physical activity [23][24][25]. Low aerobic fitness is a risk factor for allcause mortality, cancer and cardiovascular disease, independent of body fatness [26,27].…”

Section: The Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and Management of Non-Communicable Disease: The IOC Consensus Statement, Lausanne 2013

et al. 2013

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Morbidity and mortality from preventable, noncommunicable chronic disease (NCD) threatens the health of our populations and our economies. The accumulation of vast amounts of scientific knowledge has done little to change this. New and innovative thinking is essential to foster new creative approaches that leverage and integrate evidence through the support of big data, technology, and design thinking. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of a consensus meeting on NCD prevention sponsored by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in April, 2013. Within the context of advocacy for multifaceted systems change, the IOC's focus is to create solutions that gain traction within health care systems. The group of participants attending the meeting achieved consensus on a strategy for the prevention and management of chronic disease that includes the following:1. Focus on behavioural change as the core component of all clinical programs for the prevention and management of chronic disease. 2. Establish actual centres to design, implement, study, and improve preventive programs for chronic disease. 3. Use human-centered design in the creation of prevention programs with an inclination to action, rapid prototyping and multiple iterations. 4. Extend the knowledge and skills of Sports and Exercise Medicine (SEM) professionals to build new

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Weight Science: Evaluating the Evidence for a Paradigm Shift

Cited by 540 publications

References 140 publications

Review Article Relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review

Review Article Relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review

How dieting makes some fatter: from a perspective of human body composition autoregulation

Prevention and Management of Non-Communicable Disease: The IOC Consensus Statement, Lausanne 2013

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