Weight ratios of the kelps, Alaria esculenta and Saccharina latissima, required to sequester dissolved inorganic nutrients and supply oxygen for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture systems

Reid, G. K.; Chopin, Thierry; Robinson, Shawn; Azevedo, Paula; Quinton, M.; Belyea, Ellen

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.05.004

Cited by 74 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Long-term variation in nutrient loading is also a function of the farm production cycle. Fish biomass increases until harvest, and, in the case of Atlantic salmon in temperate waters, almost 4 times more nutrients will be released in the second year of production (Reid et al 2013). The stage of the production cycle therefore strongly influences the amount of feed entering the water, consumption, and nutrient loading accordingly.…”

Section: Farm Management and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this seems rudimentary, different objectives may manifest very different approaches with regard to the parameters measured, sampling frequency, and spatial or temporal scaling. If for example, the objective is to quantify the maximal nutrient or particle signal at a northern temperate water fish farm, sampling should occur at peak temperatures (usually early fall) during second-year production (Atlantic salmon have an 18−24 mo production cycle) to ensure biomass, growth rates, feed intake, and, consequently, nutrient loading are at a maximum (Reid et al 2013). If the study objective is to accurately quantify the effect of annual nutrient loads, sampling must occur across the range of seasons and biomass values present over a full pro duction cycle.…”

Section: Align Sampling Regimen With Study Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies

Jansen¹,

Reid²,

Bannister³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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While environmental performance of cage-based aquaculture is most often monitored through benthic conditions, there may also be requirements that necessitate discrete, pelagic sampling. In the pelagic realm, adequately capturing the spatial and temporal dynamics of interest and attributing causality to aquaculture processes can be extremely challenging. Conditions are seldom ideal, and data adequacy concerns of discrete samples collected at open-water aquaculture sites are not uncommon. Further exploration of these challenges is needed. Herein, we aim to explore considerations for study design, analysis, and data interpretation of discrete pelagic sampling. As examples, we present 2 case studies where limited sampling occurred under conditions of complex pelagic dynamics. A Norwegian case study quantified particle abundance around salmon farms, and aimed to highlight the effects of spatial−temporal variation on sampling design, the need for inclusion of companion parameters, and the benefits of a priori and a posteriori data interpretation strategies. A Canadian case study collected discrete samples to measure ammonium concentrations with continuous current measurements at an Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) farm, to explore issues of complex hydrodynamics, reference site suitability, sampling resolution, data pooling, and post hoc power tests. We further discuss lessons learned and the implications of study design, ambient conditions, physical processes, farm management, statistical analysis, companion parameters, and the potential for confounding effects. Pragmatic consideration of these aspects will ultimately serve to better frame the costs and benefits of discrete pelagic sampling at open-water aquaculture sites.

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Section: Farm Management and Husbandrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Align Sampling Regimen With Study Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete water quality sampling at open-water aquaculture sites: limitations and strategies

Jansen¹,

Reid²,

Bannister³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The amount of nitrogen excreted per kilogram growth of Salmon is 29.49 g; this can be sequestered by 12.9 kg of Saccharinalatissima (wet weight) [5]. Using a methane yield of 340 L/kg VS for S latissima (Table II) the resource of seaweed biome thane from a 5000 t salmon farm can be assessed as 79,216 GJ (Box 1).…”

Section: Potential Resource Of Seaweed Biofuel Associated With a Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dissolved nutrients (containing nitrogenous compounds and phosphates) are absorbed by the inorganic extractive species (aquatic plants including seaweed). The floating and suspended particulate matter released is eaten by organic extractive species such as mussels, sea urchins and sea cucumbers [4], [5].…”

Section: Role Of Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (Imta)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various factors such as water temperature, currents, light hours, seeding and stocking density of the seaweed affect the productivity of such a system. Atlantic Salmon (Salmosalar) [5] Mean weight ratios of 6.7:1 and 12.9:1 for Alariaesculenta and Saccharinalatissima were required to sequester nitrogen excreted per unit weight of salmon Salmon farms located near Chile [9] A productivity of 53 g/m 2 /day (fresh weight) for Gracilariachilensis was achieved with a nitrogen removal capacity of 9.3 g/m for long line cultivation Atlantic Salmon [10] Palmariapalmata and Saccharinalatissima were grown at a productivity of 180 t/ha/a and 220 t/ha/a and removed ca 12 % and 5 % of nitrogen released by about 500 tonnes of fish over a period of 2 years…”

Section: Fish Farms Seaweed and Gaseous Biofuel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seaweed Biofuel Derived from Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture

Jacob¹,

Xia²,

Gunning³

et al. 2016

IJESD

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Abstract-Aquaculture contributed 23.8 million tonnes of aquatic algae globally in 2012. Increasing consumption of seaweed (as food, for the production of hydro-colloids, and for production of third generation biofuels) will lead to an upward trend in its production and cultivation. Aquaculture contributed 66.6 million tonnes of fish in 2012, 42 % of global production. Fish demand globally is rising to meet food and nutritional requirements; aquaculture for fish will grow. However fish farms are marred by criticism of pollution caused by discharge of waste. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture can reduce pollution through co-culture of several species such as seaweed and mussels that utilise waste disposed from fish farms for their growth and development.A model is investigated which would provide 1.25% of energy in transport in the EU from seaweed. This would involve annual production of 168Mt of seaweed (in excess of present world harvest) integrated with 13Mt of farmed salmon. Themodel proposes 2603 anaerobic digesters, each treating 64,500 t/a of Saccharinalatissima in coastal digesters adjacent to natural gas infrastructure for downstream use in natural gas vehicles.

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