Weight management through lifestyle modification for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: rationale and strategies. A statement of the American Diabetes Association, the North American Association for the Study of Obesity, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The marked increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity is presumably responsible for the recent increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modification aimed at reducing energy intake and increasing physical activity is the principal therapy for overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Even moderate weight loss in combination with increased activity can improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and prevent the development of type 2 diabetes in high-risk persons (ie, those with impaired glucose tolerance). The American Diabetes Association, the North American Association for the Study of Obesity, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition have joined together to issue this statement on the use of lifestyle modification in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

Combating the dual burden: therapeutic targeting of common pathways in obesity and type 2 diabetes

“…Obesity is mainly caused by an excess of caloric intake in relation to energy expenditure 3 so its treatment should primarily focus on healthy diet and increased physical activity, especially in presence of T2DM ( Figure 2) 39 . Implementing and maintaining the lifestyle changes associated with weight loss can, however, be challenging for many patients 24 .…”

From the Patient’s Perspective: The Impact of Training on Resident Physician’s Obesity Counseling

“…6 Physician counseling is associated with improved diet and physical activity, 7 readiness for lifestyle change, 8 and short-term weight loss. 9,10 Thus, several organizations recommend that physicians should counsel obese patients to lose weight [11][12][13] .…”

The role of conjugated linoleic acid in reducing body fat and preventing holiday weight gain

“…Although our study found no effect of mixed-isomer CLA on plasma glucose or insulin levels, a result that has also been supported by several human studies using mixed-isomer supplementation, 8,9,11-13 we did not find the expected reductions in glucose or insulin in the CLA-treated group that usually accompanies small weight losses. 28 The longest human trial of CLA to date reported no detectable change in glucose and insulin levels during 2 years of supplementation with 3.4 g/day mixedisomer CLA in the free fatty acid form; yet these individuals failed to show any improvements in glucose and insulin, which might have been expected for their weight loss, and there was a significant increase in insulin within the group taking CLA in the TG form. 10 We therefore cannot rule out the potential for small, subclinical effects to develop with prolonged use.…”