Weight Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Multidisciplinary Real-world Approach

Abstract

Purpose of ReviewObesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are closely linked metabolic diseases. Most individuals with T2D are overweight or obese, which raises their cardiovascular risk. The etiology of both diseases is multifaceted, thus requiring a multidisciplinary approach to control them. This review describes the most effective multidisciplinary approach to weight management in patients with T2D in real-world clinical practice.Recent FindingsWeight management programs in real-world clinical settings lead to long-term weight loss for up to 5 years.SummaryMultidisciplinary approach to manage obesity and T2D through weight reduction is feasible in real-world clinical practice and is recommended as part of the treatment plan for patients with T2D who are overweight or obese. Recent data demonstrates that multidisciplinary approach to weight management in patients with T2D results in long-term weight loss and is associated with improved cardiovascular risk factors.

Mobile Application Interventions and Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta‐Analysis

“…Notably, apart from the reduction in BW, our meta‐analysis provided further evidence that mobile app interventions could lower WC and decrease fat mass as well as the percentage of body fat. These findings indicate that mobile apps, one type of mobile health intervention, might be an effective approach for obesity management . However, we did not find a significant reduction in BMI from mobile app interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes.…”

Worldwide inertia to the use of cardiorenal protective glucose-lowering drugs (SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA) in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes

“…Related to this, CVD [ 24 ] and CKD [ 86 , 87 ] may be underdiagnosed in patients with T2D. Involving multiple disciplines has been shown to produce desirable outcomes in weight management [ 88 ] and glycaemic control [ 84 ] in T2D; and we believe that a multidisciplinary approach can be similarly beneficial in the management of cardiorenal risk.…”

Liraglutide effects on glycemic control and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus: A real-world, observational study and brief narrative review

“…Many patients with T2DM will require multiple hypoglycemic medications to achieve the target blood glucose levels [1]. The avoidance of hypoglycemia and weight gain are paramount considerations in selecting appropriate individualized drug therapy [9]. Good glycemic control is difficult to achieve due to many factors, including age, lifestyle, and environment [1].…”

“…Weight gain is associated with many of the hypoglycemic medications (e.g., sulfonylureas, glinides, insulins, and thiazolidinediones) [9]. As weight increases, insulin resistance increases, necessitating higher doses of medications to achieve glycemic control.…”

“…Medications that are weight neutral or enhance weight loss may be needed for weight management. These drugs are metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, or pramlintide [9]. GLP-1RAs, a type of incretin therapy, work by increasing insulin secretion, reducing glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose output, delaying gastric emptying, and increasing satiety [3].…”