Weight loss resistance: A further consideration for the nutritional management of obese Equidae

Argo, Caroline McG.; Curtis, G. C.; Grove‐White, Dai; Dugdale, Alex; Barfoot, Clare; Harris, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.09.020

Cited by 84 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Fat deposits examined previously by ultrasonography in equids differed from study to study (Gentry et al, 2004;Carter et al, 2009b;Argo et al, 2012) probably attributed to breed differences and to the ease of obtaining and reading ultrasonographic measurements. Also, if a specific ultrasound imaging analysis software could be developed to decrease the time-consuming and increase the precision of fat measuring, especially with those kind of protocols that involve taking the measurements in triplicate (to increase the accuracy), maybe less differences would be described in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Development of an index based on ultrasonographic measurements for the objective appraisal of body condition in Andalusian horses

Martin‐Giménez

Aguirre-Pascasio

Blas

2018

Span. j. agric. res.

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Body condition scoring (BCS) is an indirect measure of the level of subcutaneous fat; however, by measuring the subcutaneous fat thicknesses (SFT), the precision of the degree of fatness assessment is improved. The aims were: 1) to develop an alternative body fat scoring index (BFSI) based on ultrasonographic measurements; 2) to assess the agreement between BCS and the new index applied to Andalusian horses; 3) to adjust the BCS cut-off values (if necessary) for overweight and obesity in this breed. One hundred and sixtysix Andalusian horses were included in this cross sectional study. On each horse, BCS, body fat percentage (BF%) and ultrasonography of SFT at localized deposits were evaluated. According to BFSI five possible body categories were established. Only one horse (0.6%) was classified as emaciated, 9.0% as thin, 74.7% as normal, 11.4% as overweight and 4.2% as obese. Despite higher BCS and SFT values were observed compared to other breeds, most of the horses evaluated presented a normal body condition under the new BFSI. BCS and BFSI were significantly associated (p<0.001), however, the concordance was low (weighted Cohen's kappa coefficient, 0.262 ± 0.071; p=0.004). Using BFSI, obese horses had significantly greater BF% than the rest of categories (p<0.001). BCS showed a good diagnostic accuracy for detection overweight (AUC = 0.759 ± 0.055; p<0.001) and obese (AUC = 0.878 ± 0.050; p=0.001) horses; redefining the cut-off values for overweight and obesity condition as 7.5/9 and 8.5/9 respectively in Andalusian horses.Additional keywords: ultrasonography; subcutaneous fat deposits; objective score; adiposity; obesity; index. Abbreviations used: AUC (area under the curve); BMI (body mass index); BCS (body condition score); BFSI (body fat scoring index); ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve); SFT (subcutaneous fat thickness); SFT-N25% (SFT over the first third of the neck-length); SFT-N50% (SFT over the second third of the neck-length); SFT-N75% (SFT over the last third of the neck-length); SFT-S (SFT behind the shoulder); SFT-Rb (SFT over the ribs); SFT-R (SFT over the rump); SFT-TH (SFT over the tailhead); BF% (body fat percentage).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Development of an index based on ultrasonographic measurements for the objective appraisal of body condition in Andalusian horses

Martin‐Giménez

Aguirre-Pascasio

Blas

2018

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…The presence of insulin resistance will influence forage selections for weight loss. [51][52][53] Environment and nutritional management should be appraised. All supplementary feeding of concentrate feedstuffs should be terminated and substituted for an appropriate daily quantity of a mineral/vitamin supplement tailored to complement a forage diet.…”

Section: The Normal Obese Elderly Horsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…51 Because of the potential for rapid body fat mobilization and the increased risk for hyperlipidemia, horses on restricted diets should be carefully monitored, with weekly weight loss targets of between 0.5% and 1.25% of outset BM considered clinically safe. 51,53,55 For practical purposes, 2 points are noteworthy. First, weight loss rates can be highly variable between individuals (AE55%).…”

Section: Weight Loss For the Stabled Horsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, weight loss rates can be highly variable between individuals (AE55%). 51,53 Second, hay quality can significantly alter the predicted plane of energy restriction. 51 Where possible, the specific hay batch should be analyzed for DM, nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC), and energy.…”

Section: Weight Loss For the Stabled Horsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…51 Weight loss is most marked (w4% of outset BM) during the first week of dietary restriction and then proceeds in a relatively linear manner before it eventually slows as metabolic rate is adaptively suppressed. 53 Weight loss or changes in belly girth measures should be monitored weekly. BCS is a less useful monitor of weight loss because internal adipose tissues (retroperitoneal and visceral) appear to be mobilized preferentially, and significant losses must be incurred before superficial adipose reserves (evaluated by BCS systems) alter appreciably.…”

Section: Weight Loss For the Stabled Horsementioning

confidence: 99%

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