Weight loss is a major cause of frailty

Fougère, Bertrand; Morley, John E.

doi:10.1007/s12603-017-0971-7

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…On the other hand, weight loss results in loss of both fat and lean mass, and can reduce muscular strength and increase functional impairment even among obese individuals25; these changes may be particularly detrimental among very old adults who already have experienced significant age‐related loss of muscle mass,26 resulting in further functional decline27 and incident frailty 28. Therefore, the risks versus benefit of recommendations to lose weight need to be carefully considered in older men on a case‐by‐case basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Obesity and Visceral Adipose Tissue Are Not Associated With Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Older Men

Schousboe

Kats

Langsetmo

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundVisceral adipose tissue (VAT) and other measures of central obesity predict incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in middle‐aged individuals, but these associations are less certain in older individuals age 70 years and older. Our objective was to estimate the associations of VAT and the android–gynoid fat mass ratio, another measure of central obesity, with incident ASCVD events among a large cohort of older men.Methods and ResultsTwo thousand eight hundred ninety‐nine men (mean [SD] age 76.3 [5.5] years) enrolled in the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men study had rigorous adjudication of incident ASCVD events (myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, or fatal or nonfatal stroke). We used proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios for incident ASCVD per SD increase of VAT or android–gynoid fat mass ratio (measured at baseline with dual‐energy absorptiometry), adjusted for age, race, education, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein level, treatment for hypertension, statin use, aspirin use, presence of diabetes mellitus, and study enrollment site. Over a mean (SD) follow‐up period of 7.9 (3.4) years, 424 men (14.6%) had an incident ASCVD event. Neither VAT nor android–gynoid fat mass ratio were associated with incident ASCVD events, either unadjusted or after multivariable‐adjustment (hazard ratios [95% confidence interval ] per SD increase 1.02 [0.92–1.13] and 1.05 [0.95–1.17], respectively).ConclusionsCentral adipose tissue, as measured by VAT or android–gynoid fat mass ratio, was not associated with incident ASCVD events in this study of older men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Obesity and Visceral Adipose Tissue Are Not Associated With Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Older Men

Schousboe

Kats

Langsetmo

et al. 2018

JAHA

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“…In a previous study, unintentional weight loss was also related to worse clinical outcomes during hospital stay (poor functional rehabilitation outcomes and longer length of stay) . Other studies have considered weight loss prior to admission the most powerful predictor of poor functional outcomes and frailty . Unintentional weight loss has been proposed as a key indicator to assess formal nutrition because of its validity, feasibility, efficiency, and availability for every population and level of healthcare assistance .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that unintentional weight loss is a strong predictor of negative outcomes, objective anthropometric measurements (weight and height) should be registered in the medical record to detect eventual weight loss in patients’ follow‐up as part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment . This factor appears to be an accessible, feasible, and low‐cost indicator of malnutrition itself in older adults . In the process of creating a consensus on malnutrition diagnostic criteria, now being developed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition, it would be desirable that unintentional weight loss be included as a part of this universal tool, suitable for older people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Other studies have considered weight loss prior to admission the most powerful predictor of poor functional outcomes 33 and frailty. 34 Unintentional weight loss has been proposed as a key indicator to assess formal nutrition because of its validity, feasibility, efficiency, and availability for every population and level of healthcare assistance. 35 Given that unintentional weight loss is a strong predictor of negative outcomes, 1,34,36,37 objective anthropometric measurements (weight and height) should be registered in the medical record to detect eventual weight loss in patients' follow-up as part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Unintentional weight loss has been proposed as a key indicator to assess formal nutrition because of its validity, feasibility, efficiency, and availability for every population and level of healthcare assistance. 35 Given that unintentional weight loss is a strong predictor of negative outcomes, 1,34,36,37 objective anthropometric measurements (weight and height) should be registered in the medical record to detect eventual weight loss in patients' follow-up as part of the comprehensive geriatric assessment. 38 This factor appears to be an accessible, feasible, and low-cost indicator of malnutrition itself in older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prognostic Value of the ESPEN Consensus and Guidelines for Malnutrition: Prediction of Post‐Discharge Clinical Outcomes in Older Inpatients

et al. 2018

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Mortality in malnourished older adults diagnosed by ESPEN and GLIM criteria in the SarcoPhAge study

Sánchez-Rodríguez

Locquet

Reginster

et al. 2020

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Background The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have been recently launched by consensus of the major nutrition societies. GLIM criteria are partly constructed on the previous definition of malnutrition developed by the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). We aimed to assess malnutrition according to the ESPEN and GLIM criteria at baseline and to determine the corresponding risk of mortality during a 4-year follow-up in community-dwelling older adults from the SarcoPhAge (Sarcopenia and Physical Impairment with advancing Age) study. The relationship between malnutrition and incidence of 4-year adverse health consequences (institutionalization, hospitalization, falls, and fractures) was assessed. Methods This prospective population-based cohort was part of SarcoPhAge, which included 534 older adults in Belgium, followed up from 2013 to 2019. Community-dwelling healthy volunteers ≥65 years old were recruited. Mortality and adverse health consequences were collected annually by interview or phone call. Baseline malnutrition was defined according to the GLIM and ESPEN criteria. Agreement between the two definitions was reported by Cohen's kappa coefficient. Adjusted Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were performed for malnutrition. Logistic regression was used for the other outcomes. Results From 534 subjects in SarcoPhAge, the records for 411 participants (73.2 ± 6.05 years old; 55.7% women) had all the variables needed to apply the GLIM criteria. Prevalence of baseline malnutrition was 23.4% for GLIM and 7% for ESPEN criteria (k = 0.30, low agreement). The adjusted Cox regression showed a significant increased mortality risk according to malnutrition status as defined by the GLIM [adjusted hazard ratio = 4.41 (95% confidence interval: 2.17-8.97)] and ESPEN [adjusted hazard ratio = 2.76 (95% confidence interval: 1.16-6.58)] criteria. Survival curves differed significantly between malnourished and non-malnourished groups, regardless of the definition used (log rank P < 0.001 for both). No association was found between baseline malnutrition according to these two criteria and 4-year risk of institutionalization, hospitalization, falls, or fractures (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria was associated with a 4.4-fold higher mortality risk, double that of the ESPEN criteria, during a 4-year follow-up. No association was found between malnutrition according to these two criteria and incidence of other health adverse consequences. GLIM criteria anticipate mortality and might guide interventions, with important implications for clinical practice and research.

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Weight loss is a major cause of frailty

Cited by 27 publications

References 71 publications

Central Obesity and Visceral Adipose Tissue Are Not Associated With Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Older Men

Central Obesity and Visceral Adipose Tissue Are Not Associated With Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events in Older Men

Prognostic Value of the ESPEN Consensus and Guidelines for Malnutrition: Prediction of Post‐Discharge Clinical Outcomes in Older Inpatients

Mortality in malnourished older adults diagnosed by ESPEN and GLIM criteria in the SarcoPhAge study

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