Weight loss in rats exposed to repeated acute restraint  stress is independent of energy or leptin status

Harris, Ruth B. S.; Mitchell, Tiffany D.; Simpson, Jacob; Redmann, Stephen M.; Youngblood, Bradley D.; Ryan, Donna H.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2002.282.1.r77

Cited by 115 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Studies using the visible burrow system in rats clearly show the adverse metabolic effects of subordination [29][30][31] and complimentary studies using repeated restraint stress provides similar data [41]. All females in the present study lost body weight over the course of 7 weeks but the decrease was greater in subordinate females, regardless of SERT genotype.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…These rank-related differences in body weight are similar to those observed following the formation of groups of juvenile macaques [65]. The most parsimonious explanation for this effect is that food intake was suppressed during this time period; however, other rodent data suggest that the maintenance of lower body weights resulting from repeated restraint stress is not explained by persistent hypophagia but reflects an adaptation to a new body weight set point [41]. Although food intake was not measured, circulating concentrations of glucose and active ghrelin decreased significantly, independent of social status and genotype, during the 7-week period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Because corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is known to be anorexic [41,42], we focused on metabolic and body weight-related endpoints. During the month prior to the group formation process, we obtained height and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) measurements for all individuals.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymorphisms in the serotonin reuptake transporter gene modify the consequences of social status on metabolic health in female rhesus monkeys

Jarrell¹,

Hoffman²,

Kaplan³

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

109

163

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Individuals vary substantially in their vulnerability to physical and psychosocial stressors. The causes of such variation in susceptibility to stress are poorly understood, but are thought to relate in part to genetic factors. The present study evaluated the extent to which polymorphisms in the gene encoding the serotonin reuptake transporter (5HTTLPR or SERT) modulated physiologic responses to the imposition of psychosocial stress (social reorganization and subordinate social status) in female rhesus monkeys. Forty females, drawn from the middle ranking genealogies of several large social groups, were reorganized into eight groups containing 5 monkeys each; four groups were comprised entirely of animals homogeneous for the long promoter variant in the SERT gene (l/l), while the other four groups had monkeys with at least one allele of the short promoter variant (l/s or s/s). Females were sequentially introduced into these new groups in random order and dominance ranks were established within several days. During the ensuing 6 weeks, dominant monkeys exhibited elevated rates of aggression while subordinates displayed high rates of submission. Notably, females with the s-variant SERT genotype, collapsed across social status positions, exhibited the highest overall rates of both aggression and submission. Although neither social status nor SERT genotype influenced morning cortisol concentrations, glucocorticoid negative feedback was reduced significantly in subordinate compared to dominant females irrespective of genotype. All animals lost weight and abdominal fat across the experiment. However, decreases were greatest in subordinates, regardless of genotype, and least in dominant females with the l/l genotype. Serum concentrations of insulin, glucose, and ghrelin decreased significantly during the group formation process, effects that were independent of genotype or social status. In contrast, social status and genotype interacted to influence changes in serum concentrations of leptin and triiodothyronine (T3), as dominant, l/l females had the highest levels while subordinate s-variant females had the lowest levels. The order in which a female was introduced to her group generally predicted her eventual social rank. However, rank was additionally predicted by pre-experimental T3 and abdominal fat values, but only in the l/l animals. While these findings must be replicated with a larger sample size, the data suggest that the s-variant SERT genotype confers increased vulnerability to the adverse effects of psychosocial stress associated with subordinate status while the l/l genotype benefits the most from the absence of stress conferred by dominant social status. These findings suggest that genetic factors modify the responses of monkeys to social subordination and perhaps other psychosocial stressors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polymorphisms in the serotonin reuptake transporter gene modify the consequences of social status on metabolic health in female rhesus monkeys

Jarrell¹,

Hoffman²,

Kaplan³

et al. 2008

Physiology & Behavior

109

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is seen with both physical (29,30) and social stressors (31) and is sufficiently sensitive to serve as an endpoint of chronic mild stress (32). This is in contrast to hyperthermia, which does not consistently occur with certain chronic physical stressors (33) and habituates with repeated stress, while reduced weight loss is maintained (30). It is noteworthy that the elevation in tonic LC discharge produced by bladder obstruction in this study is not seen with chronic physical stressors (i.e., repeated shock or chronic cold), which affect stimulated but not tonic LC activity (34,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Reduced weight gain over time is a cardinal feature of chronic stress that endures long after stress termination (29,30). This is seen with both physical (29,30) and social stressors (31) and is sufficiently sensitive to serve as an endpoint of chronic mild stress (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of overactive bladder on the brain: Central sequelae of a visceral pathology

Rickenbacher¹,

Baez²,

Hale³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Neural circuits that allow for reciprocal communication between the brain and viscera are critical for coordinating behavior with visceral activity. At the same time, these circuits are positioned to convey signals from pathologic events occurring in viscera to the brain, thereby providing a structural basis for comorbid central and peripheral symptoms. In the pons, Barrington's nucleus and the norepinephrine (NE) nucleus, locus coeruleus (LC), are integral to a circuit that links the pelvic viscera with the forebrain and coordinates pelvic visceral activity with arousal and behavior. Here, we demonstrate that a prevalent bladder dysfunction, produced by partial obstruction in rat, has an enduring disruptive impact on cortical activity through this circuit. Within 2 weeks of partial bladder obstruction, the activity of LC neurons was tonically elevated. LC hyperactivity was associated with cortical electroencephalographic activation that was characterized by decreased low-frequency (1-3 Hz) activity and prominent theta oscillations (6 -8 Hz) that persisted for 4 weeks. Selective lesion of the LC-NE system significantly attenuated the cortical effects. The findings underscore the potential for significant neurobehavioral consequences of bladder disorders, including hyperarousal, sleep disturbances, and disruption of sensorimotor integration, as a result of central noradrenergic hyperactivity. The results further imply that pharmacological manipulation of central NE function may alleviate central sequelae of these visceral disorders.Barrington's nucleus ͉ bladder obstruction ͉ electroencephalographic activity ͉ locus coeruleus O veractive bladder is a prevalent disorder, affecting 17% of the population and negatively impacting quality of life (1). Partial bladder obstruction is a common cause of overactive bladder in males and is used to model overactive bladder in laboratory animals (2). Whereas the structural and functional changes induced in bladder by partial obstruction are well studied (3, 4), the impact on brain function has been neglected. The potential for central consequences of bladder dysfunctions exists because neural circuits are present that communicate pelvic visceral status to the brain so that behavior can be coordinated with visceral functions. Barrington's nucleus (the pontine micturition center) and the locus coeruleus (LC) are integral components of a circuit that performs this task (5). Barrington's nucleus neurons project to spinal preganglionic parasympathetic neurons, where they regulate activity of the bladder and other pelvic viscera (6). These projections form the efferent limb of the micturition reflex, in which Barrington's nucleus neurons are activated by bladder distention and in response, initiate bladder contraction (7). The same Barrington's nucleus neurons project to the LC, a major norepinephrine (NE)-containing nucleus with divergent efferent projections that densely innervate the forebrain (8, 9). Among its functions, the LC regulates arousal, shifts in attention, and involv...

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How does Stress Affect Energy Balance?

Razzoli

Cero

Bartolomucci

2017

Handbook of Neurobehavioral Genetics and Phenotyping

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Weight loss in rats exposed to repeated acute restraint stress is independent of energy or leptin status

Cited by 115 publications

References 29 publications

Polymorphisms in the serotonin reuptake transporter gene modify the consequences of social status on metabolic health in female rhesus monkeys

Polymorphisms in the serotonin reuptake transporter gene modify the consequences of social status on metabolic health in female rhesus monkeys

Impact of overactive bladder on the brain: Central sequelae of a visceral pathology

How does Stress Affect Energy Balance?

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