Weight Loss During 12 Weeks' Ad Libitum Carbohydrate‐Rich Diet in Overweight and Normal‐Weight Subjects at a Danish Work Site

Siggaard, Regitze; Raben, Anne; Astrup, Arne

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00242.x

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast to individuals on a very low caloric diet, subjects consuming an ad libitum low-fat diet generally experience a reduction in fat mass without increased hunger. [34][35][36] In accordance with this, we could demonstrate in a previous study that the amount of reduction of overweight achieved with our treatment protocol was stable for at least 2-y. 22 Since circulating ghrelin levels are decreased not only in acute states of positive energy balance (caloric intake) but also in chronic states of positive energy balance (obesity), 1,10 this fact seems to conflict with our finding of relative stable ghrelin levels in reduction of overweight.…”

Section: Ghrelin In Obese Children T Reinehr Et Alsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ghrelin levels before and after reduction of overweight due to a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet in obese children and adolescents

et al. 2005

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BACKGROUND: There are conflicting results for ghrelin changes in reduction of overweight. Increasing ghrelin levels in weight reduction are considered to be responsible for compensatory mechanisms that make the reduction of overweight unlikely to be sustained. METHODS:We have analyzed fasting serum ghrelin levels, weighed dietary record and, as biochemical markers of clinically relevant reduction of overweight, leptin, adiponectin and insulin levels and insulin resistance measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) at baseline and after a 1-y outpatient weight reduction program based on a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet in 37 obese children (median age 10 y). We divided these children into two subgroups according to their degree of weight loss (substantial reduction of overweight: decrease in SDS-BMIZ0.5). Furthermore, we analyzed ghrelin levels in 16 normalweight children. RESULTS: Obese children demonstrated significant (Po0.001) lower ghrelin levels compared to normal-weight children. Daily caloric intake (P ¼ 0.004) and percentage fat content decreased significantly (Po0.001), while percentage carbohydrate content increased significantly (P ¼ 0.003) between baseline and 1-y follow-up in the obese children. The substantial reduction of overweight in 16 children (median SDS-BMI ¼ À0.7) was associated with significant changes in insulin resistance (median decrease of HOMA 27%; P ¼ 0.013), insulin (median decrease 25%, P ¼ 0.036), adiponectin (median increase 15%; P ¼ 0.003), and leptin levels (median decrease 19%; P ¼ 0.023), while there were no significant changes in ghrelin levels (median increase 4%; P ¼ 0.326). In the 21 children without substantial reduction of overweight (median SDS-BMI ¼ À0.3), there were no significant changes in insulin resistance and in insulin, adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin levels. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in obese children, low-fat high-carbohydrate diet-induced weight loss does not change ghrelin secretion, but significantly decreases leptin levels, increases adiponectin levels and improves insulin resistance determined by significantly decreased insulin resistance indices as well as lowered serum insulin levels.

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Section: Ghrelin In Obese Children T Reinehr Et Alsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ghrelin levels before and after reduction of overweight due to a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet in obese children and adolescents

et al. 2005

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“…These results support the theory that macronutrient composition is of importance in addition to total energy intake consumed daily. 10,13,31,34 This result agrees with the general ®nding that high-fat diets result in obesity. 6,35 The fact that supplementation of CHO, as performed in this study, is not effective for weight maintenance, but overall increased CHOintake and lowered fat-intake is related to less BWregain, seems to suggest that supplementation of one food element is not the solution for maintenance of a stable BW.…”

Section: Weight Maintenance and Macronutrient Intakesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Studies where fat is replaced with CHO, have been carried out to manipulate fat balance. Ad libitum food intake studies, in which CHO has provided an energy percentage of 55%, 10,31,32 have shown positive outcomes for weight maintenance and weight loss. The theory of Mean and standard deviations are presented.…”

Section: Weight Maintenance and Macronutrient Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of long-term supplementation of carbohydrate, chromium, fibre and caffeine on weight maintenance

1997

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether supplementation of carbohydrate, chromium, dietary ®bre and caffeine is effective for maintenance of weight-loss in the long-term. DESIGN: A longitudinal, double-blind, randomly assigned intervention study of 16 months with supplementation of either 50g of carbohydrates (CHO), 200 m mg chromium-picolinate (Cr-Pic), 20g of soluble ®bre plus 100 mg caffeine (CHO ) or 50g of plain CHO, for 16 months besides a very low energy diet (VLED) during the ®rst two months. SUBJECTS: Thirtythree female obese subjects (age, 34.8 AE 7.0 y; body weight (BW): 85.5 AE 10.0 kg; body mass index (BMI) 31.2 AE 3.7 kg.m 72 ) participated, 13 subjects were supplemented with CHO , 11 subjects were supplemented with CHO and 9 subjects served as a control group. MEASUREMENTS: BW, body composition, energy intake and blood parameters were measured before the VLED (0), after the VLED at 2 months (2), and at 4, 10 and 16 months. RESULTS: The amount and course of relapse of BW was equal for the supplemented and control groups. The average regain at 16 months (the weight gained as a percentage of the total weight loss during the VLED) was 66.1 AE 81.2%, and was not different between the groups. No differences in body composition were found between the groups at 16 months. The CHO supplements resulted in signi®cantly elevated energy percentage (En %) intake of CHO daily, in both supplemented groups, although this did not result in less regain. Pearson correlation analysis for all subjects revealed that the more fat consumed, the more regain was found at 16 months (r 0.41, P`0.05). A high CHO consumption was correlated with less regain (r 70.40, P 0.05). Furthermore, chromium intake did not result in signi®cant changes in blood parameters and body composition. CONCLUSION: Although additional supplementation of CHO, chromium, dietary ®bre and caffeine intake did not affect BW, the En % CHO daily was increased signi®cantly. Our results indicate that a high En % intake of CHO and a low En % intake of fat daily is bene®cial for prevention of weight regain.

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“…When expressed as percentage of initial body weight, the overall program resulted in a decrease of about 14% and lo%, which is comparable or even greater than the weight loss achieved in protocols that only used energy restricted diets (32,33), pharmacotherapy (34)(35)(36)(37)(38), and long-term change in diet composition (39). Despite this substantial impact of the program on body weight and composition of subjects, they experienced a resistance to lose fat at a time when their adiposity remained much higher than that of their lean controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Metabolic Fitness in Active Reduced‐Obese Individuals

et al. 1999

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TREMBLAY, ANGELO, ERIC DOUCET, PASCAL DESPRES, AND DENIS RICHARD. Metabolic fitness in active reduced-obese individuals. Obes Res. 1999;7:556-563. Objective: To verify whether a physical activity-low-fat diet follow-up could normalize the metabolic risk profile of reduced-obese men and women having undergone considerable weight loss through energy restriction and drug therapy. Research Methods and Procedures: Twenty obese individuals (12 men, 8 women) participated in a weightreducing program that included two phases. In the first phase, a non-macronutrient-specific dietary restriction of about 700 kcal/day was prescribed to induce weight loss over 15 weeks, with either fenfluramine or placebo. The second phase consisted of a physical activity-low-fat diet follow-up that was maintained as long as subjects did not experience resistance to further body weight and fat loss. Resistance to lose fat occurred after a mean cumulative fat loss of 14 and 8 kg in men and women, respectively. Results: Despite this substantial decrease in body fat, subjects' adiposity remained much higher at the end of this protocol than values observed in lean control subjects. However, fasting plasma levels of insulin, cholesterol, highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoproteincholesterol, and triglyceride as well as the response of insulin and glucose to oral glucose were normalized at the end of the physical activity-low-fat diet follow-up. Discussion: These results indicate that further weight and fat losses may not be justified when a moderate body weight loss resulting in a highly favorable improvement of meta-IMBEAULT, PASCALE MAURIEGE, JEAN-PIERRE

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Weight Loss During 12 Weeks' Ad Libitum Carbohydrate‐Rich Diet in Overweight and Normal‐Weight Subjects at a Danish Work Site

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Ghrelin levels before and after reduction of overweight due to a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet in obese children and adolescents

Ghrelin levels before and after reduction of overweight due to a low-fat high-carbohydrate diet in obese children and adolescents

The effectiveness of long-term supplementation of carbohydrate, chromium, fibre and caffeine on weight maintenance

Metabolic Fitness in Active Reduced‐Obese Individuals

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