Weight loss, cortisol levels, and dexamethasone suppression in major depressive disorder

Casper, Regina C.; Swann, Alan C.; Stokes, Peter E.; Chang, Sun‐Yran; Katz, Martin Μ.; Garver, David L.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02784.x

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The dysregulation of endocrine feedback mechanisms in these patients will impact energy balance and disturb appetitive behaviour as well as sleep. Indeed, weight loss is frequently an integral symptom of the disorder ( Casper et al . 1987 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of leptin on REM sleep and slow wave deltain rats are reversed by food deprivation

Sinton

Fitch

Gershenfeld

1999

Journal of Sleep Research

113

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SUMMARYLeptin (ob protein) is an adipose tissue derived circulating hormone that acts at specific receptors in the hypothalamus to reduce food intake. The protein is also critically involved in energy balance and metabolic status. Here the effect of leptin on sleep architecture in rats was evaluated because food consumption and metabolic status are known to influence sleep. Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically implanted with electrodes for EEG and EMG recording and diurnal sleep parameters were quantified over 9-h periods following leptin administration. Murine recombinant leptin (rMuLep) was administered systemically to rats that either had undergone 18 h of prior food deprivation or had received food ad libitum. In the normally fed rats, leptin significantly decreased the duration of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) by about 30% and increased the duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) by about 13%, the latter effect reflecting enhanced power in the delta frequency band. These results are consistent with studies that have linked changes in metabolic rate with effects on sleep. Leptin administration has previously been shown to alter neuroendocrine parameters that could have mediated these changes in sleep architecture. Unexpectedly, prior food deprivation negated the effect of leptin on both REMS and SWS, a result that emphasizes the significance of the apparent coupling between sleep parameters and energy status. CRF, energy balance, HPA, insulin, metabolic status, somatostatin

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of leptin on REM sleep and slow wave deltain rats are reversed by food deprivation

Sinton

Fitch

Gershenfeld

1999

Journal of Sleep Research

113

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“…Also, in women with clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms at 5 and 9 months postpartum, higher depressive symptoms at 5 months were associated with less infant weight gain from 5 to 9 months (Gress-Smith et al, 2012). The loss in weight and/or appetite has been suggested to affect HPA-axis function, with weight loss associating with higher plasma cortisol levels (Casper et al, 1987). In the present study, we did not find any correlation between concentrations of FCMs and weight gain, indicating that the difference in weight gain observed in high and low LG groups is not associated with changes in HPA-axis function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low maternal care exacerbates adult stress susceptibility in the chronic mild stress rat model of depression

Henningsen

Dyrvig²,

Bouzinova

et al. 2012

Behavioural Pharmacology

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In the present study we report the finding that the quality of maternal care, in early life, increased the susceptibility to stress exposure in adulthood, when rats were exposed to the chronic mild stress paradigm. Our results indicate that high, as opposed to low maternal care, predisposed rats to a differential stress-coping ability. Thus rats fostered by low maternal care dams became more prone to adopt a stress-susceptible phenotype developing an anhedonic-like condition. Moreover, low maternal care offspring had lower weight gain and lower locomotion, with no additive effect of stress. Subchronic exposure to chronic mild stress induced an increase in faecal corticosterone metabolites, which was only significant in rats from low maternal care dams. Examination of glucocorticoid receptor exon 17 promoter methylation in unchallenged adult, maternally characterized rats, showed an insignificant tendency towards higher total cytosine methylation in rats from low maternal care dams. Assessment of methylation in the resilient versus anhedonic-like rat phenotypes, revealed only minor differences. Thus, maternal care status seems to be a strong predictor or trait marker for the behavioural phenotype.

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“…an activation of the HPA axis, which accompanied clinical improvement of non-melancholic depressed patients (Holsboer-Trachsler et al, 2001). Furthermore, reduced sleep (Antonijevic et al, 2000) and loss of appetite and weight (Casper et al, 1987), vegetative characteristics of severe melancholic depression, are closely related to HPA axis overactivity, whereas hypersomnia and increased appetite are related to hypocortisolism (Casper et al, 1988). Therefore, it has been suggested that the HPA axis activating effect of HE might be related to its preferable efficacy in patients with RVS (see Murck, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypericum extract in patients with MDD and reversed vegetative signs: re-analysis from data of a double-blind, randomized trial of hypericum extract, fluoxetine, and placebo

Murck¹,

Fava

Alpert

et al. 2005

Int. J. Neuropsychopharm.

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Hypericum extract (HE) might be favourably active in depressed patients with reversed vegetative signs (RVS). Therefore, we performed an exploratory subgroup analysis of a three-armed study to compare HE, fluoxetine, and placebo in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in a 12 wk trial. A total of 135 patients were randomized to 12 wk treatment with HE LI 160 (900 mg/d), fluoxetine (20 mg/d), or placebo. Patients with RVS were defined in two steps, according to DSM-IV. First, patients with melancholy-related vegetative signs were excluded. Secondly, patients had to have at least one score of 2 for the items 22-26 of the HAMD-28 scale, which are related to hypersomnia and hyperphagia. Twenty-seven patients remained in the group. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied using the HAMD-17 score. Secondly a chi2 test for response was performed, using the same and further an adapted criterium as in recently published studies. ANCOVA revealed a trend to a global difference. Post-hoc analysis showed a trend to superiority of HE compared to placebo and to fluoxetine, but a very large effect size for both differences. Fluoxetine was not different from placebo. The adapted response criterium showed a significant global difference as well as a significant superiority of HE over placebo and over fluoxetine. These data are based on a small sample size and must be considered tentative. A characterization of vegetative features of patients with depression could lead to an overall increased effect size in the treatment with HE.

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Weight loss, cortisol levels, and dexamethasone suppression in major depressive disorder

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

The effects of leptin on REM sleep and slow wave deltain rats are reversed by food deprivation

The effects of leptin on REM sleep and slow wave deltain rats are reversed by food deprivation

Low maternal care exacerbates adult stress susceptibility in the chronic mild stress rat model of depression

Hypericum extract in patients with MDD and reversed vegetative signs: re-analysis from data of a double-blind, randomized trial of hypericum extract, fluoxetine, and placebo

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