Weight Loss and Maintenance in Adult Populations: What Works?

Abstract

ABSTR ACT: Selecting the optimal composition of macronutrients for a low-calorie meal plan is an important consideration for the initiation and maintenance of weight loss of overweight and obese patients. Physical activity is an effective adjunct plan after some initial weight loss has been achieved. However, the management of medications in patients with comorbidities is imperative for the prevention of complications. Suitable administration of medications that are associated with weight gain or satiety should be considered. The inverse association between the frequency of nut intake and body mass index found in epidemiologic studies may be due to several factors, including dietary compensation and reduced bioavailability of energy from nuts. Some studies have observed that nut consumption is advantageous for the initiation and maintenance of weight loss and yields an improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors. However, additional studies on the effectiveness of using nuts for maintenance of initial weight loss are warranted.