“…For instance, according to Díaz and Sigmund (1995), the checkerboard pattern is directly associated with the finite element method numerical assumptions, which leads to some artificial stiffness. Different approaches lead efficiently with this problem, as the adoption of higherorder finite elements (Díaz and Sigmund, 1995;Sigmund and Petersson, 1998), filtering techniques based on image processing or perimeter control (Sigmund, 2007;Haber et al, 1996) and the employment of modified finite elements (Rozvany et al, 2003;Pomezanski et al, 2005;Poulsen, 2002).…”