Weight in Infancy and Death From Ischaemic Heart Disease

Barker, D. J. P.; Osmond, Clive; Winter, P D; Margetts, Barrie; Simmonds, Shirley

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90710-1

Cited by 3,079 publications

(2,039 citation statements)

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“…The decline in energy intake in infants and children over the last decades is very likely the consequence of the low-energy protein-rich diet they currently consumed. 50 Undernutrition at any time in early life (during fetal life as reflected by low birth weight 1 or before an early adiposity rebound [32][33][34] ) may predispose to later risks. A relative energy deficit 66 may programme 'thrifty metabolism' and mechanisms of adaptative thermogenesis.…”

Section: Factors Associated With An Early Ar and Increased Fatnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, it seems that risk factors occurring in early life could play a major role. 1,2 Identification of early markers of adult body adiposity is useful for clinicians to monitor the child fatness development and for researchers to investigate the origin of obesity. Childhood weight status is a poor predictor of adult adiposity and most obese adults were not obese as children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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Childhood obesity is an important public health problem, with a rapidly increasing frequency worldwide. Identification of critical periods for the development of childhood and adolescent obesity could be very useful for targeting prevention measures. Weight status in early childhood is a poor predictor of adult adiposity status, and most obese adults were not obese as children. We first proposed to use the body mass index (BMI) charts to monitor individual BMI development. The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in BMI curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. It is not as direct a measure as BMI at any age, but because it involves the examination of several points during growth, and because it is identified at a time when adiposity level clearly change directions, this method provides information that can help us understand individual changes and the development of health risks. An early AR is associated with an increased risk of overweight. It is inversely associated with bone age, and reflects accelerated growth. The early AR recorded in most obese subjects and the striking difference in the mean age at AR between obese subjects (3 years) and non-obese subjects (6 years) suggest that factors have operated very early in life. The typical pattern associated with an early AR is a low BMI followed by increased BMI level after the rebound. This pattern is recorded in children of recent generations as compared to those of previous generations. This is owing to the trend of a steeper increase of height as compared to weight in the first years of life. This typical BMI pattern (low, followed by high body fatness level) is associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart diseases. Low body fatness before the AR suggests that an energy deficit had occurred at an early stage of growth. It can be attributable to the high-protein, low-fat diet fed to infants at a time of high energy needs, the former triggering height velocity and the latter decreasing the energy density of the diet and then reducing energy intake. The high-fat, low-protein content of human milk may contribute to its beneficial effects on growth processes. Early (pre-and postnatal) life is a critical period during which environmental factors may programme adaptive mechanisms that will persist in adulthood. Under-nutrition in fetal life or during the first years after birth may programme a thrifty metabolism that will exert adverse effects later in life, especially if the growing child is exposed to overnutrition. These observations stress the importance of an adequate nutritional status in childhood and the necessity to provide nutritional intakes adapted to nutritional needs at various stages of growth. Because the AR reflects particular BMI patterns, it is a useful tool for the paediatrician to monitor the child's adiposity development and for researchers to investigate the different developmental patterns leading to overweight. It contributes to the understanding of chronic disease programming and suggests ne...

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Section: Factors Associated With An Early Ar and Increased Fatnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

et al. 2006

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“…According to the developmental origin of health and disease hypothesis, 1 this transformation may give rise to a greater risk of chronic diseases due to the mismatch between foetal programming and the subsequent environment. [2][3][4][5][6] Obesity, a potential pandemic, is becoming a serious public health issue in developing and newly developed countries such as Taiwan. Several studies have found that the prevalence of obesity has increased in the Taiwanese population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the association between blood pressure and obesity in a Taiwanese population between 1996 and 2006

Summers

Burley

et al. 2010

J Hum Hypertens

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In the last decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased in the Taiwanese population. This has the potential to impact on the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This study investigated trends in the changes in several indices of obesity in the last decade, and the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and these obesity indices available in Mei-Jaw Corporation health-screening data from 1996/1998 to 2006. Three cross-sectional surveys among healthy individuals ages 20-59 years, in which 14 362 subjects examined in year 1996, 17 368 in 1998, and 28 524 in 2006, were included in the analysis. Body weight and height data were available from 1996, whereas %body fat, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio (Whratio) were only available from 1998 onwards. We found that the association between systolic BP and body weight, body mass index, %body fat, Whratio and waist became stronger for both men and women in 2006 than 1996 after adjustment for age, education level, alcohol intake, smoking and betel nut chewing. In contrast, non-obese people seemed to have lower diastolic BP in 2006 than in 1996. This trend is consistent irrespective of the index of obesity used. Among healthy individuals, the average values for the obesity indices increased in men but remained similar in women. However, in both men and women, the relationship between obesity and BP has changed. Further research is required to investigate the impact of these intriguing changes in the associations on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in the Taiwanese population.

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“…Poor status at birth is now accepted as not only reflective of a more adversive intrauterine environment but also a predictor of chronic disease in adulthood, including coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. 17,18 There is now general acceptance of a prenatal programming hypothesis, mooted initially by Barker's findings of the adult health in a cohort study of babies born during the difficult World War II years. 1718 He suggested that metabolic systems were programmed in utero and that a harsh intrauterine environment leads to the development of abnormal "set point" of these systems that remains fixed for life.…”

Section: Consequences Of Untreated Antenatal Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning perinatal psychiatry services for Ireland

O’Keane

2010

Ir. j. psychol. Med.

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Weight in Infancy and Death From Ischaemic Heart Disease

Cited by 3,079 publications

References 7 publications

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

Early adiposity rebound: causes and consequences for obesity in children and adults

Trends in the association between blood pressure and obesity in a Taiwanese population between 1996 and 2006

Planning perinatal psychiatry services for Ireland

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