Weight gain in college females is not prevented by isoflavone-rich soy protein: a randomized controlled trial

Berger, Paige K.; Principe, Jessica L.; Laing, Emma M.; Henley, E.C.; Pollock, Norman K.; Taylor, Ruth G.; Blair, R.; Baile, Clifton A.; Hall, Daniel B.; Lewis, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.09.005

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In contrast, 2 high-quality studies reported that soy was less potent than milk or whey proteins in reducing body fat (102,103). Most of the studies reported no difference in lean body mass maintenance or increase when individuals were supplemented with or consumed animal or plant proteins (43,44,49,51,60,87,102,(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110), as shown in Supplemental Table 9. One high-quality study reported that overweight or obese men supplemented for 12 wk with whey protein exhibited a higher gain in lean body mass than did a group supplemented with soy protein (111).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Plant Compared with Animal Protein Sources on Features of Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2017

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Dietary protein may play an important role in the prevention of metabolic dysfunctions. However, the way in which the protein source affects these dysfunctions has not been clearly established. The aim of the current systematic review was to compare the impact of plant- and animal-sourced dietary proteins on several features of metabolic syndrome in humans. The PubMed database was searched for both chronic and acute interventional studies, as well as observational studies, in healthy humans or those with metabolic dysfunctions, in which the impact of animal and plant protein intake was compared while using the following variables: cholesterolemia and triglyceridemia, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis, and body composition. Based on data extraction, we observed that soy protein consumption (with isoflavones), but not soy protein alone (without isoflavones) or other plant proteins (pea and lupine proteins, wheat gluten), leads to a 3% greater decrease in both total and LDL cholesterol compared with animal-sourced protein ingestion, especially in individuals with high fasting cholesterol concentrations. This observation was made when animal proteins were provided as a whole diet rather than given supplementally. Some observational studies reported an inverse association between plant protein intake and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but this was not confirmed by intervention studies. Moreover, plant protein (wheat gluten, soy protein) intake as part of a mixed meal resulted in a lower postprandial insulin response than did whey. This systematic review provides some evidence that the intake of soy protein associated with isoflavones may prevent the onset of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, i.e., hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, in humans. However, we were not able to draw any further conclusions from the present work on the positive effects of plant proteins relating to glucose homeostasis and body composition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Plant Compared with Animal Protein Sources on Features of Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2017

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“…Soy publications mostly used either whole soy (9,15,17,18,21,24,26,28,31) or isoflavone-containing soy protein (9,11,13,14,16,19,20,23,25,27,29). Only a few studies (12,20,22,30) used isoflavone-free soy protein isolate.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the soy trials, 7 trials were performed on normalweight (14,(19)(20)(21)(22)26), 7 on overweight (9,11,15,18,23,24), and 10 on obese individuals (12,13,16,17,19,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Of the isoflavone trials, 8 were performed on normalweight (10,20,25,33,38,41,43,44), 6 on overweight (35-37, 39, 42), and 3 on obese individuals (32,34,40).…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soy and Soy Isoflavones on Obesity-Related Anthropometric Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Akhlaghi

Zare

Nouripour

2017

Advances in Nutrition

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Soy may be a suitable food for anti-obesity efforts because of its high protein and isoflavone content. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate potential effects of soy and soy isoflavones on weight, waist circumference, and fat mass. PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Twenty-four trials with soy and 17 trials with isoflavones passed the eligibility stage. According to the results, soy showed no overall statistically significant effect on weight, waist circumference, or fat mass, but a significant increasing effect on weight was observed in some circumstances: for instance, in obese subjects [mean difference (MD): 0.80 kg; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.45 kg; = 0.02], with ingestions of ≥40 g soy protein/d (MD: 0.94 kg; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.77 kg; = 0.03), with short-term applications (1-3 mo) (MD: 0.45 kg; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.86 kg; = 0.03), and when soy was compared with meat (MD: 0.36 kg; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.64 kg; = 0.03) and whey protein (MD: 1.53 kg; 95% CI: 0.10, 2.96 kg; = 0.04). In contrast to the effects of soy on weight, soy significantly decreased waist circumference in older ages (MD: -0.36 cm; 95% CI: -0.71, -0.01 cm; = 0.04), in women (MD: -0.32 cm; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.08 cm; = 0.01), and at doses of<40 g soy protein/d (MD: -0.31 cm; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.05 cm; = 0.02). Isoflavone studies, conducted only in women, showed that isoflavones may reduce body mass index (BMI; in kg/m) (MD: -0.26; 95% CI: -0.55, 0.04; = 0.085), especially in dosages<100 mg/d (MD: -0.48; 95% CI: -0.90, -0.06; = 0.02) and in intervention periods of 2-6 mo (MD: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.56, 0.00; = 0.053), but no effect was observed in higher doses or longer intervention periods. Also, a trend for reduced BMI after consumption of isoflavones was observed in Caucasians (MD: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.74, 0.04; = 0.08). Overall, results showed that, although soy is the major source of isoflavones, soy and isoflavones may have different impacts on weight status.

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“…Lukaszuk et al [ 45 ] used a soy milk comparison with added soy protein to equate the protein content of the two interventions resulting in similar protein and calcium intakes between groups. Calcium intakes in dairy supplement studies, when reported, were similar between groups [ 47 , 48 , 59 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Intake Enhances Body Weight and Composition Changes during Energy Restriction in 18–50-Year-Old Adults—A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2016

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Background/Aims: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to investigate the effects of dairy food or supplements during energy restriction on body weight and composition in 18-50-year-old. Methods: RCTs ě 4 weeks comparing the effect of dairy consumption (whole food or supplements) with control diets lower in dairy during energy restriction on body weight, fat and lean mass were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, Cochrane Central and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP) until March 2016. Reports were identified and critically appraised in duplicate. Data were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Chi 2 -and I 2 -statistics indicated heterogeneity. Dose effect was assessed using meta-regression analysis. GRADE guidelines were used to rate the quality (QR) of the evidence considering risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, publication bias and effect estimates. Results: 27 RCTs were reviewed. Participants consumed between 2 and 4 standard servings/day of dairy food or 20-84 g/day of whey protein compared to low dairy control diets, over a median of 16 weeks. A greater reduction in body weight (´1.16 kg [´1.66,´0.66 kg], p < 0.001, I 2 = 11%, QR = high, n = 644) and body fat mass (´1.49 kg [´2.06,´0.92 kg], p < 0.001, I 2 = 21%, n = 521, QR = high) were found in studies largely including women (90% women). These effects were absent in studies that imposed resistance training (QR = low-moderate). Dairy intake resulted in smaller loss of lean mass (all trials pooled: 0.36 kg [0.01, 0.71 kg], p = 0.04, I 2 = 64%, n = 651, QR = moderate). No between study dose-response effects were seen. Conclusions: Increased dairy intake as part of energy restricted diets resulted in greater loss in bodyweight and fat mass while attenuating lean mass loss in 18-50-year-old adults. Further research in males is needed to investigate sex effects.

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Weight gain in college females is not prevented by isoflavone-rich soy protein: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Plant Compared with Animal Protein Sources on Features of Metabolic Syndrome

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Plant Compared with Animal Protein Sources on Features of Metabolic Syndrome

Effect of Soy and Soy Isoflavones on Obesity-Related Anthropometric Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Dairy Intake Enhances Body Weight and Composition Changes during Energy Restriction in 18–50-Year-Old Adults—A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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