Weight Gain and Metabolic Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients

Chang, Hyun Ha

doi:10.3947/ic.2022.0061

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This finding is concurrent with those of studies conducted in the southern United States 33 and South Korea. 34 This could be explained by the baseline risk of MetS that the patient might have due to higher baseline weight and the associated risk of obesity, which can later be exacerbated by weight gain after treatment with ART.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients Receiving Anti-Retro-Viral Treatment in A Tertiary Hospital, Central Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study

Jarso,

Aman,

Megerso

2024

TCRM

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Scaling up antiretroviral treatment (ART) reduces morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). This success is challenged by the constellation of interrelated metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). Given the changing ART regimens and schedules, increasing patient age and methodological limitations, existing evidence regarding the determinants of MetS remains inconclusive. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to identify the determinants of MetS in patients receiving ART at a tertiary hospital in central Ethiopia. Patient and Methods:We conducted an unmatched case-control study that included 393 patients with a case-to-control ratio of 1 to 2. Data were collected by interviewing patients, reviewing charts, physical examinations, and laboratory testing. The data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the determinants of MetS. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strength of the association between MetS and its determinants. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. Results: In this study, higher odds of developing MetS were identified among patients aged 40-60 years (AOR 3.75; 95% CI: 1.66-8.49) and those older than 60 years (AOR 6.18; 95% CI: 2.12-17.95) than among those aged < 40 years. Similarly, higher odds were observed among patients who frequently consumed animal source foods than among those who consumed cereals or vegetables (AOR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.03-3.63), those who had HIV lipodystrophy (AOR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.05-2.86), those who were treated with stavudine (AOR 3.08; 95% CI: 1.89-5.04), and those who were treated with zidovudine (AOR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.88) compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: Older age, diet from animal sources, exposure to zidovudine or stavudine, and the presence of lipodystrophy were independent determinants of MetS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients Receiving Anti-Retro-Viral Treatment in A Tertiary Hospital, Central Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study

Jarso,

Aman,

Megerso

2024

TCRM

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“…The magnitude in this study is lower than the cohort study done in USA and Canada that showed nearly 30% of HIV patients had developed overweight/obesity during the follow up period. 24 This might be owing to HIV treatment complications and drug side effects in ART patients. Furthermore, it might be explained by the difference in the sample size and socio-demographic and economic variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 28 However, it is not supported by the cohort study done in USA and Canada that stated that women with HIV experience a significantly greater increase in BMI following ART initiation than men. 24 The possible explanation for the discrepancy might be difference of the population, socio economic status and ART drug type. Similarly, this finding is also not in line with other studies done so far in Zimbabwe, Botswana, Uganda and Jima 17 , 25 , 31 , 32 which showed that females were more likely to be overweigh/obesity as compared to male.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Overweight/Obesity and ART Drug Regimen Among Adult HIV Patients in Gamo Zone Public Health Facilities Southern Ethiopia

Belete,

Assefa,

Gadore

et al. 2023

HIV

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Introduction Overweight/obesity is an emerging public health problem in low income countries. Currently sub-Saharan African countries are facing a double burden of malnutrition. Evidence has shown that overweight/obesity is becoming a problem for people living with HIV. But little is known in our setting. Thus, this study is designed to assess the association between overweight/obesity and ART drug regimen among adult HIV patients in Gamo zone public health facilities southern Ethiopia. Objective To assess the association between overweight/obesity and ART drug regimen among adult HIV patients in Gamo zone public health facilities southern Ethiopia. Methods Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 10 to May 10, 2022, among systematically selected adult HIV patients. The data were collected by using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, patient record review, and physical measurements. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value <0.05 with its 95% CI was considered as a statistically significant and interpreted accordingly. Results The magnitude of overweight/obesity were 13.5% (95% CI:(10.4–17.2)). Being male (2.484(1.308, 4.716)), duration on ART (took for ≥5 years) ((2.249(1.218, 4.152)), and ART drug regime (3.789(1.965, 7.304)) were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Conclusion Overweight/obesity is significantly associated to ART drug regimen type among adult HIV patients. Furthermore, sex and duration on ART drug were found significantly associated with overweight/obesity of adult HIV patients.

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“…208 Before the ART era, people with AIDS had high levels of free fatty acids and plasma triglycerides, 209 in contrast to PLWH who did not have AIDS. 210,211 Particularly, the use of PIs was associated with increases in plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. 212,213 The occurrence of dyslipidemia in ART-adherent PLWH highlighted the need for lipid The schematic depicts the initiation of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection in T cells, which triggers and sustains elevated renin expression to facilitate its replication within the cell.…”

Section: Metabolic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps

Prakash,

Swami Vetha,

Chakraborty

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of AIDS. Since the start of the epidemic, HIV/AIDS has been responsible for ≈40 million deaths. Additionally, an estimated 39 million people are currently infected with the virus. HIV-1 primarily infects immune cells, such as CD 4+ (cluster of differentiation 4 + ) T lymphocytes (T cells), and as a consequence, the number of CD 4+ T cells progressively declines in people living with HIV. Within a span of ≈10 years, HIV-1 infection leads to the systemic failure of the immune system and progression to AIDS. Fortunately, potent antiviral therapy effectively controls HIV-1 infection and prevents AIDS-related deaths. The efficacy of the current antiviral therapy regimens has transformed the outcome of HIV/AIDS from a death sentence to a chronic disease with a prolonged lifespan of people living with HIV. However, antiviral therapy is not curative, is challenged by virus resistance, can be toxic, and, most importantly, requires lifelong adherence. Furthermore, the improved lifespan has resulted in an increased incidence of non-AIDS–related morbidities in people living with HIV including cardiovascular diseases, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, cancer, and neurological conditions. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the cardiovascular comorbidities associated with HIV-1 infection, with a particular focus on hypertension. We also discuss the potential mechanisms known to drive HIV-1–associated hypertension and the knowledge gaps in our understanding of this comorbid condition. Finally, we suggest several directions of future research to better understand the factors, pathways, and mechanisms underlying HIV-1–associated hypertension in the post-antiviral therapy era.

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Weight Gain and Metabolic Syndrome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients

Cited by 9 publications

References 84 publications

Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients Receiving Anti-Retro-Viral Treatment in A Tertiary Hospital, Central Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study

Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome Among Patients Receiving Anti-Retro-Viral Treatment in A Tertiary Hospital, Central Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study

Association Between Overweight/Obesity and ART Drug Regimen Among Adult HIV Patients in Gamo Zone Public Health Facilities Southern Ethiopia

HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps

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