Weight gain and chronic disease progression among individuals incarcerated in Canadian federal penitentiaries: a retrospective cohort study

Johnson, Claire; Bien-Aimé, Iva; Dubois, Lise

doi:10.1108/ijph-05-2020-0031

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The criteria used in this research are listed in Table 2 below: The inclusion and exclusion criteria detailed above were used to screen the 1,172 articles identified during the identification step. Specifically, studies with quantitative methodology were excluded from this review because those studies provided little information regarding the prison food experience as they were mostly nutritional value assessments (Johnson et al, 2021). The analysis of the methodologies of the included studies was carried out using the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research, a standardized evaluation tool developed by Tong et al (2007).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prison population is susceptible to weight gain during incarceration (Herbert et al, 2012;Johnson et al, 2018a), and the compounding risk factors related to weight gain can explain some health inequities seen in a few studies on prison health (Johnson et al, 2021; Claire Johnson is based at the Ecole des hautes etudes publiques, Universit e de Moncton, Moncton, Canada. Samuel Gagnon is based at the Centre de recherche et de d eveloppement en education, Universit e de Moncton, Moncton, Canada.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prison population is susceptible to weight gain during incarceration (Herbert et al , 2012; Johnson et al , 2018a), and the compounding risk factors related to weight gain can explain some health inequities seen in a few studies on prison health (Johnson et al , 2021; Stewart et al , 2015; Harner and Riley, 2013). In light of the role of food availability, food experience and environment in influencing body weight (Ball et al , 2010; Woods-Brown et al , 2023) and overall health, it is crucial to verify that food served during incarceration supports a positive food experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prison food and the carceral experience: a systematic review

Johnson,

Gagnon,

Goguen

et al. 2023

IJOPH

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Purpose This study aims to focus on studies that qualitatively explore prison food experience. The goal is to elaborate a framework to better understand how prison food shapes the worldwide carceral experience. Design/methodology/approach This systematic literature review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. It consists of four phases: identifying the studies, screening the studies, evaluating the eligibility of screened studies and inclusion of studies. After the four phases, ten studies (nine qualitative studies and one with mixed methods) were included in the review. Findings There is a consensus among the researchers in the reviewed literature that prison food shapes the carceral experience. More specifically, four themes that encompass the experience of people with prison food emerged from the reviewed literature: food appreciation (taste of the prison food and perceived nutritional value), food logistics (preparation, distribution and consumption), food variety (institutional menu and commissary store) and food relationships (symbol of caring or power or punishment). Originality/value The literature reviewed demonstrated that when incarcerated individuals have a negative view of prison food, the carceral experience is negatively impacted. This systematic review identified four dimensions that encompass the food experience within the prison environment, providing a framework for navigating this subject.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prison population is susceptible to weight gain during incarceration (Herbert et al , 2012; Johnson et al , 2018a), and the compounding risk factors related to weight gain can explain some health inequities seen in a few studies on prison health (Johnson et al , 2021; Stewart et al , 2015; Harner and Riley, 2013). In light of the role of food availability, food experience and environment in influencing body weight (Ball et al , 2010; Woods-Brown et al , 2023) and overall health, it is crucial to verify that food served during incarceration supports a positive food experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prison food and the carceral experience: a systematic review

Johnson,

Gagnon,

Goguen

et al. 2023

IJOPH

Self Cite

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“…The food offering and the food environment within the penitentiary influence weight gain during incarceration [6][7][8]. In fact, people who are incarcerated are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general Canadian population [7], ultimately putting them at a disproportionately higher risk of developing obesity-related comorbidities during their incarceration [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Menu Served in Canadian Penitentiaries: A Nutritional Analysis

et al. 2022

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The food served in Canadian penitentiaries was scrutinized following food service reform where Correctional Service Canada (CSC) created a standardized menu to feed incarcerated male individuals. Food in prison is a complex issue because penitentiaries are responsible for providing adequate nutrition to the prison population, who are vulnerable to poor health outcomes but are often seen as undeserving. This study aimed to analyse the national menu served in Canadian penitentiaries, in order to compare them with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for male adults and the internal nutritional assessment reported by CSC. The goal was to verify if the menu served was adequate and to validate CSC’s nutritional assessment. The diet analysis software NutrificR was used to analyse the 4-week cycle menu. Both analyses were within range for DRIs for most nutrients. However, some nutrients were not within target. The sodium content (3404.2 mg) was higher than the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) of 2300 mg, the ω-6 (linolenic acid) content (10.8 g) was below the AI of 14 g, and the vitamin D content (16.2 μg) was below the target of 20 μg for individuals older than 70 years. When these outliers were analysed in-depth, the menu offering was consistent with the eating habits of non-incarcerated individuals. Based on this nutritional analysis and interpretation of the results in light of the complex nature of prison food, this study concludes that CSC meets its obligation to provide a nutritionally adequate menu offering to the general population during incarceration.

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Unthinkable, Thinkable, and Back Again: The Use of Incarceration in Ontario during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Johnson,

Leclerc

2024

Can. j. law soc.

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The arrival of COVID-19 added potentially deadly consequences to incarceration. In response, jurisprudence developed allowing for some to be spared the deprivation of their liberty. However, there is insufficient empirical evidence that this avoidance of incarceration occurred in practice in Ontario. Using fieldwork methods conducted in Ontario criminal courts coupled with data from Statistics Canada, we investigate if a change in the use of incarceration during the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, and if friction emerged between those who may and may not espouse this new outlook. We find a notable and persistent decrease in the use of incarceration, that this was welcomed by many court actors but also that a fatigue with such leniency grew among others. We discuss what this fatigue might signify for the potential longevity of this more exceptional use of incarceration and more largely what this can signify about changes in Canada’s criminal justice system.

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Weight gain and chronic disease progression among individuals incarcerated in Canadian federal penitentiaries: a retrospective cohort study

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Prison food and the carceral experience: a systematic review

Prison food and the carceral experience: a systematic review

The Menu Served in Canadian Penitentiaries: A Nutritional Analysis

Unthinkable, Thinkable, and Back Again: The Use of Incarceration in Ontario during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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