Weight concerns and change in smoking behavior over two years in a working population.

French, Simone A.; Jeffery, Robert W.; Klesges, Lisa M.; Forster, Jean L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.85.5.720

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…13 The results of the few studies concerning the association between tobacco use and intentional weight loss in adults are somewhat contradictory probably due to methodological differences. [14][15][16][17] In a small sample of US women, Gerend dieting and weight concerns were unrelated to smoking cessation or relapse in a population-based sample of working adults. In a population-based survey in the USA, Serdula et al 16 found that current smokers were 30-40% less likely than never smokers to try to maintain their current weight compared to doing nothing to weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Intentional weight loss and smoking in young adults

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether current smoking and lifetime snuff use are associated with a lifetime history of major (Z5 kg) intentional weight loss in young adults, and to examine the dependence of this association on familial factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based questionnaire survey of young adult Finnish twins participating in the fourth wave of the longitudinal FinnTwin-16-study in [2000][2001][2002]. SUBJECTS: A total of 4521 young adult Finnish twins aged 23-27 y. MEASUREMENTS: Questionnaire data on the number of intentional weight-loss episodes and on body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking and snuff use, educational level, and number of subjects' own children. RESULTS: Current daily smoking was strongly associated with a history of two or more intentional major weight-loss episodes (lost Z5 kg twice or more lifetime) both in women odds ratio (OR 1.87; 95%; confidence interval (CI) 1.39-2.50) and in men (OR 2.00; 95% CI 1.37-2.90). Frequent lifetime snuff use was statistically significantly associated with recurrent intentional weight loss episodes in men (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.08-2.13). Among the twin pairs discordant for daily smoking, the smoking twin was more likely than the nonsmoking co-twin to have recurrent intentional weight-loss episodes (OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.03-2.41). These episodes were also strongly associated with high BMI. Education was inversely related to recurrent intentional weight-loss episodes in men. CONCLUSION: Tobacco use is strongly associated with a lifetime history of recurrent intentional major weight-loss episodes in early adulthood. This represents a major challenge to existing attitudes on smoking prevention and the promotion of healthful weight control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Intentional weight loss and smoking in young adults

et al. 2004

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“…Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of hyperinsulinemia, 3 insulinresistance, 4 type 2 diabetes, 5,6 hypertension, 7,8 hypercholesterolemia, 3 chronic inflammation, 9 abnormalities in endothelial function, 10 hyperandrogenemia, 4 gallstones, 11 hepatitis, 12,13 asthma, cancer 14 and orthopedic problems. 10 Obesity has also been shown to diminish children's quality of life severely 14 and is associated with decreased selfesteem 15,16 and depressive symptoms. 17 Obese children are subjected to teasing, discrimination and victimization and may be socially excluded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for the prevention and control of obesity in the school setting: systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2008

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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of school-based strategies for obesity prevention and control using methods of systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Peer-reviewed studies published between 1966 and October 2004 were considered for review. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were published in English, targeted children aged 3-18 in a school setting, reported weight-related outcomes, included a control measurement and had at least a 6-month follow-up period. Studies employed interventions related to nutrition, physical activity, reduction in television viewing or combinations thereof. Weight related data were analyzed using RevMan software. Results: Sixty-four studies were considered for inclusion. Fourteen did not meet inclusion criteria; 29 were excluded due to poor methodological quality. Twenty-one papers describing 19 studies were included in the systematic review and 8 of these were included in the meta-analysis. Nutrition and physical activity interventions resulted in significant reductions in body weight compared with control ((standardized mean difference, SMD ¼ À0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ À0.45 to À0.14), random effects model). Parental or family involvement of nutrition and physical activity interventions also induced weight reduction ((SMD ¼ À0.20, 95%CI ¼ À0.41 to 0.00), random effects model). Conclusion: Combination nutrition and physical activity interventions are effective at achieving weight reduction in school settings. Several promising strategies for addressing obesity in the school setting are suggested, and warrant replication and further testing.

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“…4,[7][8][9][10] Weight gain from smoking cessation not only has become a barrier to quitting but also increases the risk of relapse among female smokers. [11][12][13][14][15] Although the association between smoking cessation and weight gain is well established, it is not known if the effect is through increases in body fat, muscle, or both. The relationship between smoking and body fat is complex, with crosssectional studies showing that smokers have higher waist circumference (a measure of central adiposity) than nonsmokers and also lower body mass index (BMI) [16][17][18][19][20][21] and decreased overall body fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Smoking Cessation on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

Kleppinger

Litt

Kenny

et al. 2010

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Smoking cessation is associated with weight gain, but the effects of smoking cessation on measures of body composition (BC) have not been adequately evaluated. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of 16 months of cigarette abstinence on areas of BC measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: One hundred fifty-two postmenopausal women participated in a smoking cessation study using the nicotine patch. Secondary analyses were conducted on data from 119 subjects (age 56 AE 7 years, range 41-78 years) who had had DXA scans at baseline and 16 months later. Participants were classified either as quitters (self-reported cigarette abstinence confirmed with exhaled carbon monoxide [co] 8 ppm at 3 and 16 months after quit date) or as continued smokers. BC was assessed using a General Electric Lunar DXA IQ machine. Four areas of BC (kg) were measured: whole body weight, fat mass, muscle mass, and functional skeletal muscle mass in arms and legs (ASM/ht 2 ). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) assessed changes in BC in quitters vs. continued smokers between baseline and 16 months of follow-up. Increases in BC measures were evaluated as a function of increased calorie intake or change in physical activity, using linear regression. Results: Quitters significantly increased body weight ( p < 0.001), fat mass ( p < 0.001), muscle mass ( p ¼ 0.04), and functional muscle mass ( p ¼ 0.004) over time, when baseline BC measures and other confounding factors were controlled. Regression analysis indicated change in BC could not be accounted for by calorie intake or physical activity. Conclusions: Smoking cessation may be associated with increased fat and muscle mass in postmenopausal women. The novel finding of an increase in functional muscle mass suggests that smoking cessation could increase functional capacity. Further studies need to replicate these findings and examine mechanisms of these effects.

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Weight concerns and change in smoking behavior over two years in a working population.

Cited by 49 publications

References 8 publications

Intentional weight loss and smoking in young adults

Intentional weight loss and smoking in young adults

Strategies for the prevention and control of obesity in the school setting: systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of Smoking Cessation on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

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