Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD

Serenelli, Aldo; Weiß, Achim; Aerts, C.; Angelou, George C.; Baroch, D.; Bastian, Nate; Beck, P. G.; Bergemann, M.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Czekala, Ian; Elias‐Rosa, N.; Escorza, A.; Eylen, Vincent Van; Feuillet, Diane; Gandolfi, D.; Gieles, M.; Girardi, L.; Lebreton, Y.; Lodieu, N.; Martig, Marie; Bertolami, M. M. Miller; Mombarg, Joey S. G.; Morales, J. C.; Moya, A.; Nsamba, Benard; Pavlovski, K.; Pedersen, May G.; Ribas, I.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Aguirre, V. Silva; Stassun, Keivan G.; Tolstoy, Eline; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Zwintz, K.

doi:10.1007/s00159-021-00132-9

Cited by 52 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 643 publications

(655 reference statements)

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“…Measuring the IMF of a stellar population is difficult and is dependent on the mass estimates of individual stars, which have varying accuracy (e.g. Serenelli et al 2021). However it appears that the stellar IMF, to a good approximation, is well represented by a power law distribution in the range 1-100 M⊙ with massive stars rarer than their low mass counterparts, and with little evidence for variation over the history of the Universe.…”

Section: Recent Developments In Stellar Evolution Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Evolution of Massive Stars and Their Effects on Our Understanding of Early Galaxies

Eldridge¹,

Stanway²

2022

Preprint

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The observable characteristics and subsequent evolution of young stellar populations is dominated by their massive stars. As our understanding of those massive stars and the factors affecting their evolution improves, so our interpretation of distant, unresolved stellar systems can also advance. As observations increasingly probe the distant Universe, and the rare low metallicity starbursts nearby, so the opportunity arises for these two fields to complement one another, and lead to an improved conception of both stars and galaxies. Here we review the current state of the art in modelling of massive star dominated stellar populations, and discuss their applications and implications for interpreting the distant Universe. Our principle findings include:• Binary evolutionary pathways must be included to understand the stellar populations in early galaxies.

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Section: Recent Developments In Stellar Evolution Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights into the Evolution of Massive Stars and Their Effects on Our Understanding of Early Galaxies

Eldridge¹,

Stanway²

2022

Preprint

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“…Second, proximity effects (reflection effect, ellipsoidal effect, gravity darkening) are more complex to model and can make it impossible to determine radii to 0.1% precision (e.g., [265]). A benchmark EB must also have high-quality T eff measurements (a recent approach by Miller et al [346] is promising) and spectroscopic chemical abundances [347].…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-Based Photometry of Binary Stars: From Voyager to TESS

Southworth

2021

Universe

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Binary stars are crucial laboratories for stellar physics, so have been photometric targets for space missions beginning with the very first orbiting telescope (OAO-2) launched in 1968. This review traces the binary stars observed and the scientific results obtained from the early days of ultraviolet missions (OAO-2, Voyager, ANS, IUE), through a period of diversification (Hipparcos, WIRE, MOST, BRITE), to the current era of large planetary transit surveys (CoRoT, Kepler, TESS). In this time observations have been obtained of detached, semi-detached and contact binaries containing dwarfs, sub-giants, giants, supergiants, white dwarfs, planets, neutron stars and accretion discs. Recent missions have found a huge variety of objects such as pulsating stars in eclipsing binaries, multi-eclipsers, heartbeat stars and binaries hosting transiting planets. Particular attention is paid to eclipsing binaries, because they are staggeringly useful, and to the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) because its huge sky coverage enables a wide range of scientific investigations with unprecedented ease. These results are placed into context, future missions are discussed, and a list of important science goals is presented.

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“…The mass of a star is its fundamental defining property, but direct measurements remain elusive with the exception of visual binaries or eclipsing spectroscopic binaries (Andersen 1991;Serenelli et al 2021). Consequently mass estimates usually follow from spectroscopic results or comparison with evolutionary predictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melnick 33Na: a very massive colliding wind binary system in 30 Doradus

Bestenlehner,

Crowther,

Broos

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We present spectroscopic analysis of the luminous X-ray source Melnick 33Na (Mk 33Na, HSH95 16) in the LMC 30 Doradus region (Tarantula Nebula), utilising new time-series VLT/UVES spectroscopy. We confirm Mk 33Na as a double-lined O-type spectroscopic binary with a mass ratio 𝑞 = 0.63 ± 0.02, 𝑒 = 0.33 ± 0.01 and orbital period of 18.3 ± 0.1 days, supporting the favoured period from X-ray observations obtained via the Tarantula -Revealed by X-rays (T-ReX) survey. Disentangled spectra of each component provide spectral types of OC2.5 If* and O4 V for the primary and secondary respectively -unusually for an O supergiant the primary exhibits strong C 4658 emission and weak N 4603-20, justifying the OC classification. Spectroscopic analysis favours extreme physical properties for the primary (𝑇 eff = 50 kK, log 𝐿/𝐿 = 6.15) with system components of 𝑀 1 = 83 ± 19𝑀 and 𝑀 2 = 48 ± 11𝑀 obtained from evolutionary models, which can be reconciled with results from our orbital analysis (e.g. 𝑀 1 sin 3 𝑖 = 20.0 ± 1.2𝑀 ) if the system inclination is ∼ 38 • and it has an age of 0.9 to 1.6 Myr. This establishes Mk 33Na as one of the highest mass binary systems in the LMC, alongside other X-ray luminous early-type binaries Mk34 (WN5h+WN5h), R144 (WN5/6h+WN6/7h) and especially R139 (O6.5 Iafc+O6 Iaf).

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Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD

Cited by 52 publications

References 643 publications

New Insights into the Evolution of Massive Stars and Their Effects on Our Understanding of Early Galaxies

New Insights into the Evolution of Massive Stars and Their Effects on Our Understanding of Early Galaxies

Space-Based Photometry of Binary Stars: From Voyager to TESS

Melnick 33Na: a very massive colliding wind binary system in 30 Doradus

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