Wege einiger anıonischer Tensıde und Alkoholethoxylate in Carassius Auratus/ Fate of some anionıc and alcohol ethoxylate surfactants in Carassius Auratus
“…Since the water chemistry was identical in all experiments, it cannot explain the variation in BCF ss of C12-2. Feeding has been suggested to increase elimination of surfactants (13). However, since the values determined in unfed fish (experiment A) are lower than those in fed fish feeding does not explain the observed differences, which are unclear to us at the present time but deserve future attention.…”
Section: Figure 2 Uptake Curve Of C12-2-las As Obtained In Experiments Bmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…In addition, the reported bioconcentration studies were performed with radiolabeled LAS. Since LAS is biotransformed in fish ( − ) and since biotransformation products were not separated from the intact LAS, the hitherto available data do not allow for a quantitative description of the bioconcentration of LAS.…”
Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) is the most widely used
synthetic surfactant. Environmental risk assessment
of
LAS requires quantitative information on the
bioconcentration
properties which, as yet, are unavailable. Here, we
present
compound- and isomer-specific bioconcentration data for
n-(p-sulfophenyl)alkanes, the constituents
of LAS, determined in flow-through experiments. BCF values ranged
between 2 and 1000 L kg-1. We derived
bioconcentration−hydrophobicity relationships and observed that bioconcentration factors as well as uptake rate constants increase
with increasing log K
OW (estimated) while the
elimination rate
constants do not vary with log K
OW. In an
attempt to
account for the variability of the composition of LAS
mixtures,
we found the average length of the alkyl chain of the LAS
mixture unsuitable for estimation of the bioconcentration
potential. In contrast, an estimation based on the
composition of the mixture of LAS and the bioconcentration
factors of the individual constituents overpredicts
measured
values by less than a factor of 1.5. Using the
composition
of two LAS mixtures, one typical for LAS in detergents
and one representing LAS in rivers, we calculated the
respective bioconcentration potentials to be 91 and 22
L kg-1. This indicates that
environmental processes decrease
the bioconcentration potential of LAS mixtures.
“…Since the water chemistry was identical in all experiments, it cannot explain the variation in BCF ss of C12-2. Feeding has been suggested to increase elimination of surfactants (13). However, since the values determined in unfed fish (experiment A) are lower than those in fed fish feeding does not explain the observed differences, which are unclear to us at the present time but deserve future attention.…”
Section: Figure 2 Uptake Curve Of C12-2-las As Obtained In Experiments Bmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…In addition, the reported bioconcentration studies were performed with radiolabeled LAS. Since LAS is biotransformed in fish ( − ) and since biotransformation products were not separated from the intact LAS, the hitherto available data do not allow for a quantitative description of the bioconcentration of LAS.…”
Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) is the most widely used
synthetic surfactant. Environmental risk assessment
of
LAS requires quantitative information on the
bioconcentration
properties which, as yet, are unavailable. Here, we
present
compound- and isomer-specific bioconcentration data for
n-(p-sulfophenyl)alkanes, the constituents
of LAS, determined in flow-through experiments. BCF values ranged
between 2 and 1000 L kg-1. We derived
bioconcentration−hydrophobicity relationships and observed that bioconcentration factors as well as uptake rate constants increase
with increasing log K
OW (estimated) while the
elimination rate
constants do not vary with log K
OW. In an
attempt to
account for the variability of the composition of LAS
mixtures,
we found the average length of the alkyl chain of the LAS
mixture unsuitable for estimation of the bioconcentration
potential. In contrast, an estimation based on the
composition of the mixture of LAS and the bioconcentration
factors of the individual constituents overpredicts
measured
values by less than a factor of 1.5. Using the
composition
of two LAS mixtures, one typical for LAS in detergents
and one representing LAS in rivers, we calculated the
respective bioconcentration potentials to be 91 and 22
L kg-1. This indicates that
environmental processes decrease
the bioconcentration potential of LAS mixtures.
“…There is strong evidence that LAS is taken up via the gills (3,4) and biotransformed (5,6). In contrast, information about the influence of the exposure concentration (7,8), and the concentrations of the divalent cations Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ (water hardness) on LAS bioconcentration is inconclusive (9).…”
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is the most important synthetic surfactant in household detergents. Nevertheless, little parent compound-specific information is available about the processes involved in LAS bioconcentration. Here, we employ reversed-phase HPLC to quantify the selected LAS model compounds. The time-dependent tissue distribution and the effect of water hardness on LAS uptake is investigated in order to deepen the understanding of LAS bioconcentration. The concentrations of the selected LAS constituents (C 10 -2-to C 13 -2-LAS) in the liver and the internal organs of juvenile rainbow trout increased rapidly demonstrating fast uptake into systemic circulation. The relatively slow increase of LAS concentrations in the less well perfused tissues pointed to internal redistribution being controlled by perfusion. Uptake occurred via the gills rather than the skin. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranged between 1.4 and 372 L kg -1 and increased with hydrophobicity in a manner similar to that in fathead minnows. In the latter species the BCFs were higher (6-990 L kg -1 ) and apparently not related to the fish lipid content. The hydrophobicity dependence of LAS uptake rate constants was affected by water hardness, indicating that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions played a role in the velocity of LAS uptake. Water hardness was found to reduce electrostatic repulsion to such an extent that hydrophobic interactions became determining for the rate of uptake.
“…Moreover, quantitative information on the biotransformation of LAS is not available. However, it has been proposed that LAS (Figure a) is transformed via ω-oxidation and subsequent β-oxidation steps to sulfophenylalkanoic acids (SPC; Figure b). Since biotransformation results in a reduction of the concentration of LAS in fish, − it is an important process contributing to the overall LAS bioaccumulation and therefore an issue deserving scientific attention.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, it has been proposed that LAS (Figure a) is transformed via ω-oxidation and subsequent β-oxidation steps to sulfophenylalkanoic acids (SPC; Figure b). Since biotransformation results in a reduction of the concentration of LAS in fish, − it is an important process contributing to the overall LAS bioaccumulation and therefore an issue deserving scientific attention. 1 Chemical structures of 2- n -( p -sulfophenyl)dodecane (C 12 -2-LAS, a) and its biotransformation product 3- n -( p -sulfophenyl)butyric acid (C 4 -3-SPC, b).…”
Linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) is the most widely used synthetic surfactant. In fish, assessment of the environmental risk and investigation of the biotransformation behavior of LAS require compound-specific methods for extraction and isolation of LAS and its biotransformation products, sulfophenylcarboxylic acids (SPC). Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction with subsequent ion-pair liquid-liquid (IP-LL) partitioning of the extract was a time-efficient sample preparation method for analysis of LAS. The recovery of parent LAS from spiked fish exceeded 70%, and the limit of quantitation ranged around 0.2 mg.kg-1 corresponding to 0.6 mumol.kg-1. In a simultaneous determination of LAS and SPC in fish, the analytes were MSPD extracted in different fractions. The target compounds were separated from the sample matrix by protein precipitation and subsequent isolation of (a) SPC by graphitized carbon black solid-phase extraction of the supernatant and (b) parent LAS by IP-LL partitioning of the pellet obtained after protein precipitation. The recoveries of the model compounds C12-2-LAS and C4-3-SPC were 84 +/- 6 and 65 +/- 11%, respectively. The use of C3-3-SPC as an internal standard corrected for the loss of the biotransformation product during sample workup. The suitability of both methods was demonstrated by analyzing fish containing LAS and SPC incurred during aqueous exposure.
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