Weekly patterns and weekend effects of air pollution in the Moscow megacity

Elansky, N. F.; Shilkin, A. V.; Пономарев, Н. А.; Семутникова, Е. Г.; Захарова, П. В.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117303

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, it is necessary to highlight that important differences between sites were registered in the Cantabrian network, with positive relative changes in O 3 concentrations at Tetuán (Santander urban background) and Cros (industrial) sites, indicating the importance of local sources of different precursors on O 3 formation. In this line, Querol et al [ 70 ] described different responses of urban O 3 but a generalized and light decrease in rural locations. Therefore, this needs to be further investigated, bearing in mind the complex behaviour of O 3 during the lockdown, which can be partially explained by the alteration of the photolytic cycle due to a strong decrease in NO levels in a VOCs-limited environment (usually urban areas) [ 82 ], which acts on the consumption of O 3 in the titration reaction (NO + O 3 ↔ NO 2 + O 2 ) [ 49 , 83 ] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to highlight that, because the study made a daily comparison, i.e., each day of the year 2020 was compared with the same day of the average (2013–2019), the variable “week” was not normalised, as this variable represented the seasonal changes attributed to each week of the year, which were observed in both data series. By contrast, the day of the week was normalised, because weekly patterns of pollutant concentrations are important, mainly due to differences between working days and weekends [ 70 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meteorological Normalisation Using Boosted Regression Trees to Estimate the Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Air Quality Levels

Ceballos‐Santos

González-Pardo

Carslaw

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The global COVID-19 pandemic that began in late December 2019 led to unprecedented lockdowns worldwide, providing a unique opportunity to investigate in detail the impacts of restricted anthropogenic emissions on air quality. A wide range of strategies and approaches exist to achieve this. In this paper, we use the “deweather” R package, based on Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models, first to remove the influences of meteorology and emission trend patterns from NO, NO2, PM10 and O3 data series, and then to calculate the relative changes in air pollutant levels in 2020 with respect to the previous seven years (2013–2019). Data from a northern Spanish region, Cantabria, with all types of monitoring stations (traffic, urban background, industrial and rural) were used, dividing the calendar year into eight periods according to the intensity of government restrictions. The results showed mean reductions in the lockdown period above −50% for NOx, around −10% for PM10 and below −5% for O3. Small differences were found between the relative changes obtained from normalised data with respect to those from observations. These results highlight the importance of developing an integrated policy to reduce anthropogenic emissions and the need to move towards sustainable mobility to ensure safer air quality levels, as pre-existing concentrations in some cases exceed the safe threshold.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological Normalisation Using Boosted Regression Trees to Estimate the Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Air Quality Levels

Ceballos‐Santos

González-Pardo

Carslaw

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…It is mainly due to changes in behavior from working on weekdays to resting on weekends. In the megacities of US, Europe, Japan, and Russia, air pollution weekend effects were identified by ground measurements and remote sensing, usually showing reductions of up to 50% or more during the weekends compared with weekdays ( Beirle et al, 2003 ; de Foy et al, 2016a ; de Foy and Schauer, 2019 ; Elansky et al, 2020 ; Marr and Harley, 2002 ; Motallebi et al, 2003 ). For the weekly cycle of Beijing, China, ozone (O 3 ) has been reported to have a clear weekly periodical variation with a maximum on weekends ( Wang et al, 2013 ; Zhao et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns

Hua

Zhang

Foy

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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The holiday effect is a useful tool to estimate the impact on air pollution due to changes in human activities. In this study, we assessed the variations in concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) during the holidays in the heating season from 2014 to 2018 based on daily surface air quality monitoring measurements in Beijing. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) is used to analyze pollutant concentrations for 34 sites by comprehensively accounting for annual, monthly, and weekly cycles as well as the nonlinear impacts of meteorological factors. A Saturday effect was found in the downtown area, with about 4% decrease in PM 2.5 and 3% decrease in NO 2 relative to weekdays. On Sundays, the PM 2.5 concentrations increased by about 5% whereas there were no clear changes for NO 2 . In contrast to the small effect of the weekend, there was a strong holiday effect throughout the region with average increases of about 22% in PM 2.5 and average reductions of about 11% in NO 2 concentrations. There was a clear geographical pattern in the strength of the holiday effect. In rural areas the increase in PM 2.5 is related to the proportion of coal and biomass consumption for household heating. In the suburban areas between the Fifth Ring Road and Sixth Ring Road there were larger reductions in NO 2 than downtown which might be due to decreased traffic as many people return to their hometown for the holidays. This study provides insights into the pattern of changes in air pollution due to human activities. By quantifying the changes, it also provides insights for improvements in air quality due to control policies implemented in Beijing during the heating season.

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“…Therefore, Health Risk Assessment in a Tourist City Rungruang JANTA and Jenjira KAEWRAT http://wjst.wu.ac.th high traffic density occurred on local streets resulting in delays or traffic congestion [29][30][31]. The level of air pollutants in tourist destinations differs from megacities such as Moscow, Tokyo and Osaka, where NO 2 is largely emitted on weekdays rather than at weekends because of the operation of industrial enterprises and traffic intensity [32,33]. The NO 2 concentration in each area related to the travel behavior of tourists and the system of transportation.…”

Section: Figure 2 Comparison Of Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Betweementioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment of Residents in a Tourist City: A Case Study of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Kaewrat

Janta

2021

Walailak J Sci & Tech

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Nakhon Si Thammarat is one of the most popular tourist destinations among the secondary tourism cities according to economic promotions. The rapid growth of the tourism industry is evidenced by increasing road traffic, especially at weekends, contributing to high nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration. The concentration of NO2 was measured in the main tourist destinations of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Likewise, health risks from NO2 exposure were also evaluated for the local residents. Air mass movement was applied to indicate risk areas of non-cancer health effects from exposure to NO2. Air samples were collected over 24 hours using a passive sampling technique at 3 areas in the tourist destination on weekdays and weekends during the wet season in 2018 and 2019. Results showed that NO2 concentrations at weekends were 2 - 3 times higher than on weekdays due to increased vehicular traffic. Anthropogenic activities had a greater influence than meteorological conditions on pollutant concentration. The NO2 concentration was within the ambient air quality standard, but toxicological risk quotients for the residents were above the recommended limits for human health. Findings indicated that local residents risked non-cancer health effects from long-term exposure to NO2. Therefore, sensitive residents should avoid outdoor activities on weekends. Moreover, the tourism authority should consider controlling visitor numbers, providing a parking area, and providing public transportation systems to reduce traffic-related pollutants for sustainable tourism in Thailand.

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Weekly patterns and weekend effects of air pollution in the Moscow megacity

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

Meteorological Normalisation Using Boosted Regression Trees to Estimate the Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Air Quality Levels

Meteorological Normalisation Using Boosted Regression Trees to Estimate the Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Air Quality Levels

Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns

Health Risk Assessment of Residents in a Tourist City: A Case Study of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

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