Weekly cycle of magnetic characteristics of the daily PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in Beijing, China

Shi, Meinan; Wu, Huaichun; Zhang, Shihong; Li, Haiyan; Yang, Tianshui; Liu, Wei; Liu, He

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.079

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These carbonaceous compounds accounted for 10.8-14.3% of total PM 2.5 mass. Our results were comparable to the reported values in other major Chinese cities, that the PM 2.5 -associated OC and EC concentrations were 7.8 and 4.4 µg/m 3 in Hong Kong [50], 7.2 and 2.6 µg/m 3 in Shanghai [51], and 12.1 and 5.4 µg/m 3 in Beijing [52], respectively. Previous studies have also examined these carbonaceous compounds in Nanjing: 13.8 and 5.3 µg/m 3 in 2001 [53], 15.7 and 10.4 µg/m 3 in 2007 [54], and 13.5 and 3.4 µg/m 3 in 2012-2013 [55].…”

Section: Oc and Ecsupporting

confidence: 90%

Chemical Characterization of Two Seasonal PM2.5 Samples in Nanjing and Its Toxicological Properties in Three Human Cell Lines

et al. 2019

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PM2.5 pollution is of great concern in China due to its adverse health effects. Many diseases have been proven to be associated with PM2.5 components, but the effects of chemical characteristics of PM2.5 on toxicological properties, especially in different human organs, are poorly understood. In this study, two seasonal PM2.5 samples (summer and winter) were collected in Nanjing, and their chemical compositions (heavy metals, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) were analyzed. Human lung epithelial carcinoma cells (A549), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells (HepG2), and human neuroblastoma cells (Sh-Sy5y) were employed to evaluate the toxicological properties of the collected PM2.5. The results showed that the average mass concentrations of PM2.5 were lower in summer (51.3 ± 21.4 μg/m3) than those in winter (62.1 ± 21.5 μg/m3). However, the mass fractions of heavy metals, OC, and EC exhibited an opposite seasonal difference. Among all tested fractions, water-soluble ions were the major compositions of particles in both summer and winter, especially the secondary ions (SO42−, NO3− and NH4+). Besides, the ratio of OC/EC in PM2.5 was greater than two, indicating serious secondary pollution in this area. The NO3–/SO42− ratio (< 1) suggested that fixed sources made important contributions. The toxicological results showed that PM2.5 in the summer and winter significantly inhibited cell viability (p < 0.01) and induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (p < 0.01). Moreover, the viability inhibition in A549, Sh-Sy5y, and HepG2 cells was more prominent in summer, especially at high PM2.5 (400 μg/mL) (p < 0.05), and the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A549 and Sh-Sy5y cells was also more evident in summer. Such seasonal differences might be related to the variations of PM2.5 components.

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Section: Oc and Ecsupporting

confidence: 90%

Chemical Characterization of Two Seasonal PM2.5 Samples in Nanjing and Its Toxicological Properties in Three Human Cell Lines

et al. 2019

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“…In this study, the vertical profiles of HCHO from WRF-Chem modeling were used to calculate the air-mass factor (AMF). The model configuration was described in detail in our previous study (Su et al, 2017). Finally, the HCHO VCD was calculated using the AMF as follows:…”

Section: Omps Hcho Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous studies, the ratio of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) tropospheric column of HCHO and NO 2 have been used as indicators of the sensitivity regime of O 3 formation (Duncan et al, 2010;Witte et al, 2011;Su et al, 2017), under the assumption that HCHO is a proxy for the reactivity of VOCs. Secondary HCHO is produced with the formation of peroxy radicals (RO 2 ), and is therefore positively correlated with RO 2 ; thus, it can be identified as a proxy for total VOC reactivity (Carter, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary and secondary sources of ambient formaldehyde in the Yangtze River Delta based on Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) observations

Liu

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Formaldehyde (HCHO) in the ambient air not only causes cancer but is also an ideal indicator of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are major precursors of ozone (O 3 ) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) near the surface. It is meaningful to differentiate between the direct emission and the secondary formation of HCHO for HCHO pollution control and sensitivity studies of O 3 production. However, understanding of the sources of HCHO is still poor in China, due to the scarcity of field measurements (both spatially and temporally). In this study, tropospheric HCHO vertical column densities (VCDs) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), East China, where HCHO pollution is serious, were retrieved from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi-NPP) satellite from 2014 to 2017; these retrievals showed good agreement with the tropospheric HCHO columns measured using ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTS) with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.78. Based on these results, the cancer risk was estimated both nationwide and in the YRD region. It was calculated that at least 7840 people in the YRD region would develop cancer in their lives due to outdoor HCHO exposure, which comprised 23.4 % of total national cancer risk. Furthermore, the contributions of primary and secondary sources were apportioned, in addition to primary and secondary tracers from surface observations. Overall, the HCHO from secondary formation contributed most to ambient HCHO and can be regarded as the indicator of VOC reactivity in Hangzhou and in urban areas of Nanjing and Shanghai from 2015 to 2017, due to the strong correlation between total HCHO and secondary HCHO. At industrial sites in Nanjing, primary emissions more strongly influenced ambient HCHO concentrations in 2015 and showed an obvious decreasing trend. Seasonally, HCHO from secondary formation reached a maximum in summer and a minimum in winter. In the spring, summer, and autumn, secondary formation had a significant effect on the variation of ambient HCHO in urban regions of Nanjing, Hangzhou, and Shanghai, whereas in the winter the contribution from secondary formation became less significant. A more thorough understanding of the variation of the primary and secondary contributions of ambient HCHO is needed to develop a better knowledge regarding the role Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 6718 W. Su et al.: Primary and secondary sources of ambient formaldehyde in the Yangtze River Delta of HCHO in atmospheric chemistry and to formulate effective control measures to decrease HCHO pollution and the associated cancer risk.

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“…Numerous studies used magnetometry to detect and monitor airborne pollution (Qiao et al 2011; Chaparro et al 2013; Castaneda-Miranda et al 2014; Revuelta et al 2014; Shi et al 2014). Other studies have focused on magnetic properties of indoor dust as a potential indicator of indoor air quality (Górka-Kostrubiec et al 2014; Górka-Kostrubiec 2015; Szczepaniak-Wnuk and Górka-Kostrubiec 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic study of a mixture of magnetite and metallic iron in indoor dust samples

Górka-Kostrubiec

Szczepaniak-Wnuk

2016

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Magnetite in mixture with metallic iron in indoor dust samples was examined using several magnetic analyses, thermomagnetic curves of the magnetic susceptibility and the induced magnetization vs. temperature, hysteresis loops, and first-order reversal curves. The study of the magnetic properties was supplemented by the analysis of chemical elements and electron microscopic observation. The metallic iron in the mixture affects the values of hysteresis parameters, decreasing coercivity (B c) and increasing saturation magnetization (M s), and it is responsible for the magnetic enhancement of magnetic susceptibility. The thermomagnetic curves show several distinct features: the first Curie temperature of magnetite, the second one (∼764 °C) of iron, and the rapid decrease on the heating curves (between 600 and 750 °C) caused by the oxidation of iron to magnetite. Two magnetochemical processes appear during the thermal treatment of indoor dust: the oxidation of iron to magnetite and the neo-formation of magnetite as a result of chemical transformation of non-magnetic minerals. The shift of the hysteresis parameter ratios from the multi-domain (MD) region towards the single-domain (SD) region on the Day-Dunlop plot is controlled by the oxidation of iron in the thermally induced process and the grain size of the new formed magnetite. The magnetic properties of indoor dust are a potential indicator of indoor air pollution. Elemental iron plays an important role in the development of inflammation in humans via oxidative stress, so that the presence of metallic Fe in indoor dust can affect human health.

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Weekly cycle of magnetic characteristics of the daily PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in Beijing, China

Cited by 37 publications

References 52 publications

Chemical Characterization of Two Seasonal PM2.5 Samples in Nanjing and Its Toxicological Properties in Three Human Cell Lines

Chemical Characterization of Two Seasonal PM2.5 Samples in Nanjing and Its Toxicological Properties in Three Human Cell Lines

Primary and secondary sources of ambient formaldehyde in the Yangtze River Delta based on Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) observations

Magnetic study of a mixture of magnetite and metallic iron in indoor dust samples

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