Weekend sleep after early and later school start times confirmed a model-predicted failure to catch up sleep missed on weekdays

Putilov, Arcady A.

doi:10.1007/s11325-022-02648-5

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, there is no way of minimizing the negative effects of insufficient weekday sleep by relying on a weekend "catch up". The simulations of weekday and weekend sleep timing suggested that, if people lose sleep by waking earlier during the week, they cannot make up for it on the weekends [11][12][13][14][15][16]. An earlier waking time on weekdays leads to an earlier start and termination of light exposure of the internal circadian clock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This earlier exposure, in turn, leads to an advance in sleep timing and a larger loss in sleep on weekdays. This loss cannot be compensated for by the extension of weekend sleep duration [15]. Given that our work/study culture is biased towards the circadian clocks of M-types, the tradition of setting working and school start-times too early forces E-types to sacrifice a larger amount of sleep on weekdays to arrive at their place of work/study at the M-type-oriented start-times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial parameters were derived from data on the durations of recovery sleep after 6 gradually increasing intervals of extended wakefulness [23], and on the levels of SWA obtained during 10 naps [20] and two recovery sleep episodes [21,22]. The model was validated by comparing a model prediction [16] with data from the two latest "natural experiments" [14,15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Refs. [11,12,[14][15][16]19,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] are cited in the Supplementary Materials. Funding: The Russian Science Foundation provided financial support for VBD in the form of grant # 22-28-01769.…”

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When workers/students work/study Monday to Friday, and then have two days without work/study, they might be tempted to "catch up" on sleep. However, the simulations of weekday and weekend sleep times with a sleep-wake regulation model [11] suggest that, despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during the two weekend days, the reduction in sleep during the week cannot be reversed by the extension of weekend sleep beyond its normal, adequate duration [12][13][14][15][16]. The simulations also suggest a more profound weekday sleep loss in E-types than M-types because E-types have to advance their weekday times by more relative to weekend waking times [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Irrecoverable Loss in Sleep on Weekdays of Two Distinct Chronotypes Can Be Equalized by Permitting a >2 h Difference in Waking Time

et al. 2022

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Background: Our work/study culture is biased towards the circadian clocks of “morning types”, whereas “evening types” are forced to advance their weekday waking times relative to weekend waking times. Since the experimental research consistently reveals a >2 h difference between these two chronotypes in the positions of their endogenous circadian phases, we hypothesized the necessity to permit a >2 h difference between them in weekday waking times to equalize their irrecoverable loss in sleep on weekdays. Methods: A total of 659 and 1106 participants of online surveys identified themselves as morning and evening types, respectively. The hypothesis was tested by applying a model of sleep–wake regulation for simulating sleep times reported by 245 lecturers of these two types, and by comparison of sleep times of these types among these lecturers and 1520 students. Results: The hypothesis was supported by results showing that, if, on weekdays, an “average” morning type wakes at 6 a.m., the equalization of the weekday sleep loss of the two chronotypes would require the waking time of an “average” evening type to be no earlier than 8 a.m. Conclusions: These results may be implemented in a model-based methodology for the correction of weekday waking times to equalize weekday sleep loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Supplementary Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Irrecoverable Loss in Sleep on Weekdays of Two Distinct Chronotypes Can Be Equalized by Permitting a >2 h Difference in Waking Time

et al. 2022

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Evening chronotype, insufficient weekday sleep, and weekday-weekend gap in sleep times: What is really to blame for a reduction in self-perceived health among university students?

Putilov

Sveshnikov

Bakaeva

et al. 2023

Chronobiology International

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Reaction of the endogenous regulatory mechanisms to early weekday wakeups: a review of its popular explanations in light of model-based simulations

Putilov

2023

Front. Netw. Physiol.

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Introduction: Several widely held explanations of the mechanisms underlying the responses of endogenous sleep–wake-regulating processes to early weekday wakeups have been proposed. Here, they were briefly reviewed and validated against simulations based on the rhythmostatic version of a two-process model of sleep–wake regulation.Methods: Simulated sleep times on weekdays and weekends were compared with the times averaged over 1,048 samples with either earlier or later weekday risetimes. In total, 74 paired samples were collected before and during lockdown, and 93 paired samples were collected during early and later school start times.Results: The counterintuitive predictions of the simulations included the following: 1) only one night of ad lib sleep is sufficient to restore the endogenously determined sleep times after 1 day/5 days of larger/smaller reduction/extension of the sleep/wake phase of the circadian sleep–wake cycle; 2) sleep loss on weekdays is irrecoverable; 3) irrespective of the amount of such deadweight loss, sleep on weekends is not prolonged; and 4) the control of the circadian clocks over the sleep–wake cyclicity is not disrupted throughout the week.Discussion: The following popular explanations of the gaps between weekends and weekdays in sleep timing and duration were not supported by these simulations: 1) early weekday wakeups cause “social jetlag,” viewed as the weekend and weekday (back and forth) shifts of the sleep phase relative to the unchanged phase of the circadian clocks, and 2) early weekday wakeups cause an accumulation of “sleep debt paid back” on weekends, or, in other terms, people can “catch-up” or “compensate” sleep on weekends.

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Weekend sleep after early and later school start times confirmed a model-predicted failure to catch up sleep missed on weekdays

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

The Irrecoverable Loss in Sleep on Weekdays of Two Distinct Chronotypes Can Be Equalized by Permitting a >2 h Difference in Waking Time

The Irrecoverable Loss in Sleep on Weekdays of Two Distinct Chronotypes Can Be Equalized by Permitting a >2 h Difference in Waking Time

Evening chronotype, insufficient weekday sleep, and weekday-weekend gap in sleep times: What is really to blame for a reduction in self-perceived health among university students?

Reaction of the endogenous regulatory mechanisms to early weekday wakeups: a review of its popular explanations in light of model-based simulations

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