Weeds Resistant to Nontriazine Classes of Herbicides

A psbA mutation (Val219 to Ile) causes resistance to propanil and increased susceptibility to bentazon in Cyperus difformis

“…Amino acid substitutions at the PSII reaction center D1 protein known to confer herbicide resistance and/or increased susceptibility are all located within the plastoquinone (Q B ) binding niche (from amino acid residues 211 to 275) . A single amino acid alteration from valine to the more bulky amino acid isoleucine at residue 219 is thus expected to affect the binding affinity of PSII‐inhibiting herbicides.…”

Identification of a new PSII target site psbA mutation leading to D1 amino acid Leu218 Val exchange in the Chenopodium album D1 protein and comparison to cross-resistance profiles of known modifications at positions 251 and 264

“…Studies using tissue culture and mutation induction, in several algal species, identified many other amino acid substitutions in the D1 protein at different positions . The D1 amino acid substitutions that confer resistance are all located at the Q B site formed by a short amino acid loop exposed to the matrix space of the chloroplast, between phenylalanine (Phe 211 ) and leucine (Leu 275 ) residues . Until recently, only five different D1 variants (valine‐219‐ isoleucine (Val 219 Ile) in Poa annua , phenylalanine‐255‐isoleucine (Phe 255 Ile) in Capsella bursa‐pastoris , Ser 264 Gly in Amaranthus hybridus , serine‐264‐threonine (Ser 264 Thr) in Portulaca annua , and asparagine‐266‐threonine (Asn 266 Thr) in Senecio vulgaris , had been identified in higher plants .…”

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Soil Microbial Communities in Field Tomato Production as Affected by Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation

“…However, fumigants such as 1,3-dichloropropene (Group II, halogenated hydrocarbon) are subject to stringent environmental regulations and often lack adequate efficacy (Poret-Peterson et al, 2019). Commonly used pre-and post-plant non-triazine herbicides including glyphosate, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors have resulted in rapid growth of selective herbicide resistance (LeBaron and Hill, 2008). In addition, increasing public health awareness and consumer demand for sustainable food products provide a unique incentive for the development of environmentally sustainable agricultural practices.…”