Weeding through assumptions of livelihood approaches in ICM: Seaweed farming in the Philippines and Indonesia

Sievanen, Leila; Crawford, Brian; Pollnac, Richard Β.; Lowe, Celia

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.04.015

Cited by 146 publications

(167 citation statements)

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“…A number of studies have corroborated the positive socioeconomic impacts of seaweed farming in countries as diverse as the Philippines, Indonesia, Tanzania, India, Vietnam and the Pacific Islands (Arnold, Bindu, 2011;Msuya, 2006;My, 2011;Namudu & Pickering, 2006;Pettersson-Löfquist, 1995;Sievanen et al, 2005;Zamroni & Yamao, 2011). Although carrageenophytes are not a direct source of food, their culture has been shown to increase food security in farming villages because their revenue-earning potential is greater than that of alternative agricultural enterprises (Beveridge et al, 2010;Espaldon et al, 2010;Gupta, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Economics ofKappaphycusSeaweed Cultivation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Farming Systems

Valderrama

Cai

Hishamunda

et al. 2015

Aquaculture Economics & Management

144

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& The farming of the red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and related species as raw material for the hydrocolloid carrageenan rapidly spread from the Philippines in the late 1960s to Indonesia, Tanzania, and other tropical countries around the world. Although numerous studies have documented positive socioeconomic impacts for seaweed farming, factors such as diseases and distance to export markets have led to an uneven development of the industry. Using standard budgeting techniques, this study adapted production and market data from a FAO-led global review of seaweed farming to develop comparative enterprise budgets for eight farming systems in six countries (Indonesia, the Philippines, Tanzania, India, Solomon Islands, and Mexico). Although the basic technology package is the same across countries, the study revealed large differences in the economic performance of systems due to wide variations in farm prices and the scale of operations. Although seaweed farming is a suitable activity for small-scale producers, a minimum of 2,000 m of cultures lines are still necessary to ensure adequate economic returns. Greater farming plots may be needed if farm prices are well below the average farm prices paid in Indonesia and the Philippines. Policy recommendations are made to improve the economic potential of underperforming systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Economics ofKappaphycusSeaweed Cultivation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Farming Systems

Valderrama

Cai

Hishamunda

et al. 2015

Aquaculture Economics & Management

144

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show abstract

“…Alternative livelihood programs may fail to deliver expected or desired outcomes due to a number of factors including lack of linkage between development and conservation [77,127], local capacity barriers [76,160], unaccounted for values related to traditional livelihoods [86,161,162], and economic factors such as shifting input costs and access to markets [51,73,82]. Successful development of livelihood alternatives may also simply encourage in-migration [163] or lead to the re-investment of newfound income in fishing [76,164] which will both lead to increasing pressure on local resources. Most authors concur that focusing on a portfolio of substitutable and interchangeable resource-based and non-resource-based livelihoods is more effective than using any single strategy [35,77,86,93,126,127].…”

Section: Alternative Livelihoods: Enhancement and Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

Bennett¹,

Dearden²

2018

Preprint

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to conserve marine resources as well as provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Yet the percentage of MPAs that might be considered “successful” or effective on ecological and/or socio-economic accounts is debatable. Measurement of biophysical and socio-economic outcome indicators has become de rigeur for examining MPA management effectiveness so that adaptive feedback loops can stimulate new management actions. Scholars and practitioners alike have suggested that more attention should be given to the inputs that are likely to lead to successful MPA outcomes. This paper briefly discusses the potential ecological and socio-economic outcomes of MPAs then reviews the literature on three categories of inputs – governance, management, and local development – that lead to effective MPAs. In conclusion, the paper presents a novel inputs framework that incorporates indicators for governance, management and development to be used in the design and analysis of MPAs.

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“…In this contextual setting, Krause et al (2015) showed that most socio-economic analysis to date deal mainly with the effects of salmon or shrimp farming, and to a lesser extent with e.g. Pangasius and Tilapia, as well as filter feeders (such as Crassostrea gigas) and seaweeds (such as Kappaphycus alvarezii and K. striatum as well as Eucheuma denticulatum) (see Buanes et al 2004;Barton and Fløysand 2010;Fröcklin et al 2012;Stonich and Bailey 2000;Joyce and Satterfield 2010;Sievanen et al 2005;Buchholz et al 2012). In order to promote the sustainable co-existence of uses and, where applicable, the appropriate apportionment of relevant uses in the offshore realm, a framework should be put in place that consists at least of the establishment and implementation by Member States of maritime spatial planning, resulting in plans.…”

Section: Socio-economic Dimensions Of Aquaculture-a First Typologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, questions pertaining to the inter-relationships between community impacts, right of access, ownership, taxation, liabilities for the negative repercussions from the environmental effects on society, and ethical issues, to name but a few, have remained largely untackled in a comprehensive, integrated manner . As a result, the socio-economic consequences of aquaculture operations are often poorly understood and repercussions such as poaching not fully anticipated (see examples given in Barrett et al 2002;Bunting 2004;Fröcklin et al 2012;Isaksen and Mikkelsen 2012;Jentoft and Chuenpagdee 2013;Sandberg 2003;Sievanen et al 2005;Varela 2001). In many cases the omission of relevant stakeholders and social concerns in aquaculture development projects has contributed to inequity, social conflicts and violence (Martinez-Alier 2001;Nagarajan and Thiyageasan 2006;Varela 2001).…”

Section: Socio-economic Dimensions Of Aquaculture-a First Typologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Socio-economic Dimensions of Offshore Aquaculture in a Multi-use Setting

Krause¹,

Mikkelsen

2017

Aquaculture Perspective of Multi-Use Sites in the Open Ocean

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Decision-making within the marine realm is a complex process, which endorses ecological, societal and economic needs and they must therefore be managed jointly. Much of the formerly "free oceans" is nowadays subject to intensive uses, thus making the need to optimise the management of the resources within a multifunctional and multi-use(r) context apparent. The high competition for functions and uses of inshore and nearshore waters has given strong incentives to investigate the opportunities of moving industrial activities offshore. The current raise of offshore aquaculture is one prominent example of this. However, our understanding of the social dimensions and effects of offshore aquaculture is yet incomplete. We need to consider also how different multi-use settings for offshore aquaculture affect the socio-economic outcomes on various levels. During the development of offshore aquaculture, this multifunctional perspective has emerged especially for the combination with offshore wind farms. This synergy of two different stakeholders, the so-called multifunctional utilisation of marine areas, can be viewed as a new concept by the implementation of integrated, consensus-based resource planning conditions. We suggest a typology of social dimensions of marine aquaculture, based on the literature of "traditional" nearshore aquaculture. Based on this typology we discuss the current level of knowledge on the socio-economic dimensions of multi-use offshore aquaculture and point to further research needs.

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Weeding through assumptions of livelihood approaches in ICM: Seaweed farming in the Philippines and Indonesia

Cited by 146 publications

References 6 publications

The Economics ofKappaphycusSeaweed Cultivation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Farming Systems

The Economics ofKappaphycusSeaweed Cultivation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis of Farming Systems

From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

The Socio-economic Dimensions of Offshore Aquaculture in a Multi-use Setting

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