Weed Problems, Ecology, and Management Options in Conservation Agriculture: Issues and Perspectives

Ramesh, K.

doi:10.1016/bs.agron.2014.12.003

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 269 publications

(323 reference statements)

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“…were developed, which eventually made weed control much easier in the absence of extensive tillage (Mishra and Singh, 2012;Gopal et al, 2010;. However, countries that use relatively higher amounts of herbicides are already facing such problems as environmental hazards, and herbicideresistant weeds (Ball and Shaffer 1993;Owen, 2008;Ramesh, 2015). Thus, it is always advisable to use appropriate herbicides at the right dose and the right time to efficiently manage weeds under CA system (Rao et al, 2007;Mishra and Singh, 2011).…”

Section: Challenges: Determinants Of the Widespread Practice Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is always advisable to use appropriate herbicides at the right dose and the right time to efficiently manage weeds under CA system (Rao et al, 2007;Mishra and Singh, 2011). Moreover, continuous use of herbicides under CA eventually results in weed shift, herbicide-resistant weed population Singh, 1993, 1998;Owen, 2016;Ramesh et al 2017) and dominance of particular weed species as compared to conventional tillage/ farming practices (Ramesh, 2015;Dang et al, 2015). In fact, it has been observed that cultivation of herbicide tolerant varieties while applying nonselecting herbicide is a potential option in control of broadsepctrum weeds and manage weed shift but sometime promote emergence of "super weed" .…”

Section: Challenges: Determinants Of the Widespread Practice Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No-Till Farming and Conservation Agriculture in South Asia – Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Benefits

Somasundaram

Sinha

Dalal

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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Of late, intensive farming for higher food production is often associated with many negative implications for soil systems, such as decline of soil organic matter (SOM), increase in risks of soil erosion by wind and/or water, decline in soil biological diversity, increase in degradation of soil physical quality, lower nutrient-use efficiency, high risks of groundwater pollution, falling water tables, increasing salinization and waterlogging, in-field burning of crop residues, pollution of air and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), leading to global warming, and decline in factor productivity. These negative implications necessitate an objective review of strategies to develop sustainable management practices, which could not only sustain soil health and ensure food security, but also enhance carbon sequestration, decrease GHG emissions, and offer clean and better ecosystem services. Conservation agriculture (CA), that includes reduced or no-till practices along with crop residue retention and mixed crop rotations, offers multiple benefits. Adoption of a system-based CA conserves water, improves and creates more efficient use of natural resources through the integrated management of available soil nutrients, water, and biological resources, and enhances use efficiency of external inputs. Due to apparent benefits of CA, it is increasingly being adopted and now covers about 180 million hectares (Mha) worldwide. However, in South Asia its spread is low (<5 Mha), mostly concentrated in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). In this region, one of the serious issues is "residue burning" with severe environmental impacts. A huge amount of crop residue left over after the combine harvest of rice has forced farmers to practice widespread residue burning ($140 M tonnes) to cope with excessive stubble and also for timely planting/sowing of succeeding crops. In rice-wheat cropping systems, which cover more than 10 Mha in the IGP, CA practices are relatively more accepted by farmers. In these systems, any delay in sowing leads to yield penalty of 1-1.5% per day after the optimum sowing date of wheat. The strong adoption of CA practices in IGP is mainly to overcome delayed sowing due to the field preparation and control of weeds, timely planting, and also escape from terminal heat during the grain-filling stage. Major challenges to CA adoption in South Asia are small land holdings (<1 ha), low technological reach to farmers, nonavailability of suitable farm implements for small farm holders, and the staunch conventional farming mind-set. South Asia region consists of many countries of diverse agro-ecologies with contrasting farming systems and management. This region, recently known for rapid economic growth and increasing population, necessitates higher food production and also hot-spots for adoption of CA technologies. Therefore, in this review critically explores the possibility, extent of area, prospects, challenges, and benefits of CA in South Asia. HIGHLIGHTS Conservation agriculture (CA), consisting of reduced or no-tillage a...

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Section: Challenges: Determinants Of the Widespread Practice Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges: Determinants Of the Widespread Practice Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

No-Till Farming and Conservation Agriculture in South Asia – Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Benefits

Somasundaram

Sinha

Dalal

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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“…Changes in weed communities in response to crop establishment methods, wet or dry moisture conditions, tillage regimes, and other management practices are well established in the literature ( Nichols et al, 2015 ; Ramesh, 2015 ). Nevertheless, very few studies have focused on changes in weed communities in the backdrop of elevated CO 2 ( Koizumi et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Climate Change and Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weeds in a Changing Climate: Vulnerabilities, Consequences, and Implications for Future Weed Management

et al. 2017

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Whilst it is agreed that climate change will impact on the long-term interactions between crops and weeds, the results of this impact are far from clear. We suggest that a thorough understanding of weed dominance and weed interactions, depending on crop and weed ecosystems and crop sequences in the ecosystem, will be the key determining factor for successful weed management. Indeed, we claim that recent changes observed throughout the world within the weed spectrum in different cropping systems which were ostensibly related to climate change, warrant a deeper examination of weed vulnerabilities before a full understanding is reached. For example, the uncontrolled establishment of weeds in crops leads to a mixed population, in terms of C3 and C4 pathways, and this poses a considerable level of complexity for weed management. There is a need to include all possible combinations of crops and weeds while studying the impact of climate change on crop-weed competitive interactions, since, from a weed management perspective, C4 weeds would flourish in the increased temperature scenario and pose serious yield penalties. This is particularly alarming as a majority of the most competitive weeds are C4 plants. Although CO2 is considered as a main contributing factor for climate change, a few Australian studies have also predicted differing responses of weed species due to shifts in rainfall patterns. Reduced water availability, due to recurrent and unforeseen droughts, would alter the competitive balance between crops and some weed species, intensifying the crop-weed competition pressure. Although it is recognized that the weed pressure associated with climate change is a significant threat to crop production, either through increased temperatures, rainfall shift, and elevated CO2 levels, the current knowledge of this effect is very sparse. A few models that have attempted to predict these interactions are discussed in this paper, since these models could play an integral role in developing future management programs for future weed threats. This review has presented a comprehensive discussion of the recent research in this area, and has identified key deficiencies which need further research in crop-weed eco-systems to formulate suitable control measures before the real impacts of climate change set in.

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“…Consequently, farmers using reduced tillage may choose to rely increasingly on herbicides and pesticides to deal with these threats (Lahmar, 2010). Weed control is currently identified as the main issue associated with reduced tillage and the key to sustainability (Bajwa, 2014;Eslami, 2014;Ramesh, 2015), especially in the context of conservation agriculture (Giller et al, 2009). The recent preoccupation concerning the toxicity of glyphosate (Braz-Mota et al, 2015;Gaupp-Berghausen et al, 2015;Sihtmäe et al, 2013), the main herbicide associated with reduced tillage (Nalewaja, 2003), requires new solutions to reduce its use and the appearance of resistances (Beckie, 2014;Nauen and Denholm, 2005;Walsh and Powles, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover crops to secure weed control strategies in a maize crop with reduced tillage

Büchi

Wendling

Amossé

et al. 2020

Field Crops Research

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Highlights-traditional weed control strategies tend to impact negatively the environment-cover crop cultivation prior to a maize crop can be efficient to control weeds-niger, sunflower, pea and phacelia were the most successful species in this respect-some cover crops also improved maize yield compared to the control-this study shows that cover crops are efficient to reduce weed control intensity Title Cover crops to secure weed control strategies in a maize crop with reduced tillage

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Weed Problems, Ecology, and Management Options in Conservation Agriculture: Issues and Perspectives

Cited by 18 publications

References 269 publications

No-Till Farming and Conservation Agriculture in South Asia – Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Benefits

No-Till Farming and Conservation Agriculture in South Asia – Issues, Challenges, Prospects and Benefits

Weeds in a Changing Climate: Vulnerabilities, Consequences, and Implications for Future Weed Management

Cover crops to secure weed control strategies in a maize crop with reduced tillage

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