Weed management in maize using crop competition: A review

Dass, Anchal; Shekhawat, Kapila; Choudhary, Anil K.; Sepat, Seema; Rathore, Sanjay Singh; Mahajan, Gulshan; Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2016.05.008

Cited by 66 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Barros et al (2017) described in their study the physiological response of maize and weeds living under different densities and their results further support the idea of reducing row spacing and increasing plant density on weed control. The results of our study are in agreement with those of previous and recent research (Chauhan & Johnson, 2011;Johnson & Hoverstad, 2002;Mhlanga, Chauhan, & Thierfelder, 2016;Mohammadi, Ghobadi, & Shaekheh-Poor, 2012). The effectiveness of maize arrangement was tested by Mendes, Drews, Medeiros, Rosa, Gualberto, and Mielezrski (2017) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Phytosociology and Behavior of Weeds in Maize as Influenced by Spatial Arrangements

Mendes¹,

Filho²,

Pereira³

et al. 2018

JAS

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Using the right spatial arrangement is a sustainable way to prevent or at least delay the emergence of weeds in the crop production. This study evaluated the influence of row spacing and plant density of maize on weed control based on the phytosociological survey. It was conducted on an Oxisol textured medium in a 400 m 2 area under semiarid conditions. The hybrid maize 30F53YH was managed under a no-till cropping system with three types of row spacing ( , and 8.0 plants m -2 ). The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications in a factorial arrangement 3 × 3. The phytosociological survey of the weeds was randomly performed four times in each subplot, using the inventory square (0.5 m × 0.5 m). The collected data were analyzed using the R statistical program. Among the specimen's families identified on the field, three of them need to be highlighted due to its high values of density, frequency, and dominance. These families were Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Amaranthaceae. Also, it was identified that the Leucaena leucocephala species may be classified as a weed, as it acted as an invasive species on maize. The weed control was greatly influenced by the interaction of both parameters rather than only row spacing or the plant density factor. The results showed that the reduced spacing and high crop population decreased the presence of weeds in the maize crop.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Phytosociology and Behavior of Weeds in Maize as Influenced by Spatial Arrangements

Mendes¹,

Filho²,

Pereira³

et al. 2018

JAS

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“…Variable results were also found on profitability of different CA cropping systems (Mazvimavi 2011;Mazvimavi and Twomlow 2009;Thierfelder et al 2016a, b;Mupangwa et al 2016a;Mafongoya et al 2016;Baudron et al 2015c). The economic performance of conservation agriculture systems is significantly affected by mechanization level (e.g., manual, animal traction, or tractor-drawn), the type of rotation or intercropping, the practices used as controls in the comparison, and other factors.…”

Section: Rationale Of Conservation Agriculturementioning

confidence: 94%

“…The first two treatments are implemented with a continuing maize-groundnut rotation while the third treatment also has a legume intercrop in the maize phase conserving more soil moisture and reducing erosion (Bunderson et al 2017). Increasing plant population also plays a significant role in controlling weeds using crop competition as a management practice (Mhlanga et al 2016a). The use of a denser plant spacing encourages faster canopy cover and hence controls weeds more effectively (Teasdale 1995).…”

Section: Plant Stand and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary practices supporting conservation agriculture in southern Africa. A review

Thierfelder¹,

Baudron²,

Setimela³

et al. 2018

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

Self Cite

107

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Conservation agriculture (CA)-the simultaneous application of minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop diversification-is a key approach to address declining soil fertility and the adverse effects of climate change in southern Africa. Applying the three defining principles of CA alone, however, is often not enough, and complementary practices and enablers are required to make CA systems more functional for smallholder farmers in the short and longer term. Here, we review 11 complementary practices and enablers grouped under six topical areas to highlight their critical need for functional CA systems, namely: (1) appropriate nutrient management to increase productivity and biomass; (2) improved stress-tolerant varieties to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses; (3) judicious use of crop chemicals to surmount pest, diseases, and weed pressure; (4) enhanced groundcover with alternative organic resources or diversification with green manures and agroforestry; (5) increased efficiency of planting and mechanization to reduce labor, facilitate timely planting, and to provide farm power for seeding; and (6) an enabling political environment and more harmonized and innovative extension approaches to streamline and foster CA promotional efforts. We found that (1) all 11 complementary practices and enablers substantially enhance the functioning of CA systems and some (e.g., appropriate nutrient management) are critically needed to close yield gaps; (2) practices and enablers must be tailored to the local farmer contexts; and (3) CA systems should either be implemented in a sequential approach, or initially at a small scale and grow from there, in order to increase feasibility for smallholder farmers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of practices and enablers that are required to improve the productivity, profitability, and feasibility of CA systems. Addressing these in southern Africa is expected to stimulate the adoption of CA by smallholders, with positive outcomes for soil health and resilience to climate change.

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“…This wide spectrum of germination temperatures may cause T. arvensis to be more problematic in Apiaceae crops because this weed can germinate earlier than a crop species, giving it a higher competitive ability over crop species (Mhlanga et al . ). In addition, there are very few available herbicides for the selective control of T. arvensis in Apiaceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Based on our results, optimum temperatures for T. arvensis seed germination coincide with typical midspring temperatures (the timing of planting C. sativum and other Apiaceae crops) in western Iran. This wide spectrum of germination temperatures may cause T. arvensis to be more problematic in Apiaceae crops because this weed can germinate earlier than a crop species, giving it a higher competitive ability over crop species (Mhlanga et al 2016). In addition, there are very few available herbicides for the selective control of T. arvensis in Apiaceae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the germination characteristics in response to environmental factors between the hairy and spiny seeds of hedge parsley (Torilis arvensis Huds.)

Payamani

Nosratti

Amerian

2018

Weed Biology and Management

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Torilis arvensis Huds. produces two types of mericarps, spiny and hairy (referred to as seeds hereafter), but little information is available on their germination behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the different germination characteristics of hairy and spiny seeds in T. arvensis in response to environmental factors. Both seed types were dormant at harvesting, but the spiny type had a deeper dormancy level and required a more prolonged after‐ripping period. In general, T. arvensis seed germination and seedling emergence responses to examined factors were similar between the two seed types. The highest germination percentage was observed in pH 7. Germination was the highest at a temperature of 20°C. Light did not affect seed germination. T. arvensis was sensitive to osmotic stress induced by NaCl or PEG6000. No seedlings emerged when the seeds were buried at soil depth of 6 cm and deeper soil depths. The results indicate that T. arvensis has the potential to spread into more areas devoted to Apiaceae crops in Iran. Tillage would be beneficial to its effective control in these crops.

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Weed management in maize using crop competition: A review

Cited by 66 publications

References 53 publications

Phytosociology and Behavior of Weeds in Maize as Influenced by Spatial Arrangements

Phytosociology and Behavior of Weeds in Maize as Influenced by Spatial Arrangements

Complementary practices supporting conservation agriculture in southern Africa. A review

Variations in the germination characteristics in response to environmental factors between the hairy and spiny seeds of hedge parsley (Torilis arvensis Huds.)

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