Weed Harrowing—the Influence of Driving Speed and Driving Direction on Degree of Soil Covering and the Growth of Weed and Crop Plants

Rydberg, Törbjorn

doi:10.1080/01448765.1994.9754668

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Few experiments reported results of trials harrowing across the sowing direction. Neururer (1977) quoted by Rydberg (1994) found more weed reduction harrowing across but Rydberg (1994) did not find any differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed harrowing in winter cereal under semi-arid conditions

Sanclemente

Ranzenberger

Aibar

et al. 2008

Span. j. agric. res.

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Five field experiments on barley and wheat have been carried out in North-Eastern Spain on the same field during the cropping seasons 1999-00 to 2003-04 to compare the effect of different harrowing adjustments on weed control, weed biomass and cereal yield. The variables considered were harrowing timing (pre-or early post-emergence), one or two passes, travelling direction, harrowing depth and speed compared with an untreated control and herbicide. Excepting year 2001, with very little weed emergence, mechanical control as a whole caused a significant weed plant reduction compared to the untreated plots in all years. No influence of harrowing depth and travelling speed and of pre-emergence harrowing were found in the trials. A single harrowing treatment conducted across the sowing direction gave the same or less control compared to harrowing along the sowing direction. Two harrowing passes achieved a higher efficacy than one single pass and little differences were detected if the second pass was conducted the same day, across the sowing direction or 15 days later. Despite herbicide had generally a higher efficacy than the harrowing treatments, in three out of five years it was found a mechanical control with the same control than herbicide. The effect of the different treatments on weed biomass was lower than on weed number and no significant differences were found for grain yield. Considering that an herbicide treatment in the present conditions is three times more expensive than harrowing, a single post-emergence harrowing can be considered a valid option for low and medium-infested cereal fields.Additional key words: barley, durum wheat, flex-tine harrow, mechanical weed control. Resumen Control mecánico de malas hierbas en cereal de invierno en condiciones semiáridasEn este trabajo se muestran los resultados de cinco experimentos de campo localizados en el noreste de España desde 1999-00 hasta 2003-04. En ellos se comparó el efecto de distintas formas de control mecánico de la flora arvense con grada de varillas flexibles sobre la densidad y biomasa de la misma y sobre la producción de cereal comparado con un control sin tratar y el uso de herbicidas. Las variables consideradas fueron: momento y número de pases de grada, profundidad, dirección y velocidad de los pases. Excepto en 2001, con una baja infestación, el control mecánico redujo la densidad de arvenses en comparación con las parcelas sin tratar. La profundidad y la velocidad de la labor no tuvieron influencia clara y realizar el pase en preemergencia del cereal resultó ineficaz probablemente debido a la falta de humedad. Dos pases resultaron más eficaces que uno y se encontraron pocas diferencias si el segundo se hacía en el mismo día, perpendicular o 15 días después. Aunque el herbicida tuvo generalmente mayor eficacia que los tratamientos mecánicos, en tres años se encontró un tratamiento mecánico con eficacia similar. El efecto de los distintos tratamientos sobre la biomasa de arvenses fue menor que sobre el número de las mismas y no hubo...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed harrowing in winter cereal under semi-arid conditions

Sanclemente

Ranzenberger

Aibar

et al. 2008

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…Steinmann & Gerowitt, 1993; Wilson et al. , 1993; Rydberg, 1994; Rasmussen & Svenningsen, 1995; Rasmussen, 1998, 2004; Kurstjens et al. , 2000; Rasmussen et al.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Effects of pre‐ and post‐emergence weed harrowing on annual weeds in peas and spring cereals

Lundkvist

2009

Weed Research

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Summary To assess the effects of timing and frequency of weed harrowing on weed abundance and crop yield, different pre‐ and post‐emergence weed harrowing sequences were applied to spring cereals and peas in field experiments performed during 2003 and 2004 in Sweden. Post‐emergence harrowing was performed at crop growth stages 2–3 and 5–6 true leaves respectively. The best weed control was obtained by a combination of pre‐ and post‐emergence harrowing, but these treatments also caused yield losses of 12–14% in spring cereals, while no yield losses were observed in peas. Pre‐emergence weed harrowing treatments alone or combined with weed harrowing shortly after crop emergence proved to be most effective against the early emerging annual weed species Sinapis arvensis and Galeopsis spp. Post‐emergence harrowing alone in peas had no effect on S. arvensis. The late emerging annual weed species Chenopodium album and Polygonum lapathifolium were most effectively controlled when pre‐emergence weed harrowing was combined with one or two weed harrowing treatments after crop emergence.

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“…Field experiments have been made to find out the best timing, speed and implements (Rasmussen, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993; Rydberg, 1993, 1994; Wilson et al. , 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between speed, soil movement into the cereal row and intra‐row weed control efficacy by weed harrowing

et al. 2003

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Summary Field trials were carried out at a single Danish and two Spanish locations. In Denmark, winter wheat was sown at 24‐cm row spacing allowing hoeing in the inter‐row area. Hoeing speeds of 2, 5 and 8 km h−1 were tested at the end of tillering, at the beginning of stem elongation or on both occasions. The crop was harrowed immediately after hoeing at the same speed. At the Spanish locations the winter barley was sown at a 12‐cm row spacing and harrowed only, at either pre‐emergence plus post‐emergence, or once post‐emergence at mid‐tillering at 2, 4, 6 and 8 km h−1. The depth of the soil layer thrown into the cereal row was measured at all locations. This layer ranged between 0.4 and 1.4 cm, depending on the site and on the treatment, but was generally higher following a single harrow treatment at all sites. The soil layer only tended to increase with faster speeds at the Danish location. On a more sandy soil and soil rolled prior to treatment, less soil was thrown into the cereal row. When two hoe + harrowing treatments were made, a finer soil structure was achieved. However, this did not affect the weed control. At the Danish location, initial intra‐row weeding efficacy of Brassica napus, based on plant number before and 7 days after treatment, was found to be low (21–41%) but increased to 74–79% when assessed after 45 days. Partial burial and bending of B. napus, together with crop competition, probably suppressed weed growth and enhanced final mortality. Uprooting was probably a more important cause of mortality for Stellaria media. At the Spanish locations, weeding efficacy of Papaver rhoeas was similar, ranging between 58% and 83% and this was achieved soon after harrowing. A thicker soil layer did not result in a greater weed kill. It was therefore suggested that burial alone could not be the main factor responsible for weed control in any of the cases studied. No reduction in wheat biomass, measured at the end of May, was found with increasing speed, or with repeated passes of the harrow. The results suggested that faster harrowing, which is economically more attractive for farmers, could be recommended. The soil layer thrown into the row was not found to be a useful parameter to predict the weed control efficacy in the cases presented.

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Weed Harrowing—the Influence of Driving Speed and Driving Direction on Degree of Soil Covering and the Growth of Weed and Crop Plants

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Weed harrowing in winter cereal under semi-arid conditions

Weed harrowing in winter cereal under semi-arid conditions

Effects of pre‐ and post‐emergence weed harrowing on annual weeds in peas and spring cereals

Relationship between speed, soil movement into the cereal row and intra‐row weed control efficacy by weed harrowing

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