“…Similarly, Singh et al [ 45 ] reported 20–33 % lower grassy weed density and 76–83 % lower broadleaf weed density with live mulch practice in rice. Furthermore, Ezung et al [ 13 ] also observed that cowpea live mulching greatly decreased the density and dry weight of the weeds. Moreover, in rice-maize rotations, due to the dominance of broad-leaved weeds given that there was wider spacing in winter maize which restored the soil seed bank with these weeds.…”