Weed emergence as influenced by soil moisture and air temperature

Calado, José; Basch, Gottlieb; Carvalho, Mário de

doi:10.1007/s10340-008-0225-x

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, season, site, and season × site interaction had higher significance ( P < 0.001) at all weedings (Table 3). As with crops, weeds also benefit from presence of moisture (Calado et al, 2009) and more weeds would be expected in seasons with more rainfall and this is confirmed by results of this present study. Different sites also have varied seed banks, and this could have led to the differences in weed densities across sites accounting for the strong relationship between different sites and weed densities (Mandumbu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Contribution of Cover Crops to the Productivity of Maize‐Based Conservation Agriculture Systems in Zimbabwe

Mhlanga

Cheesman²,

Maasdorp

et al. 2015

Crop Science

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Research in Latin America has shown numerous benefits of rotations with cover crops under conservation agriculture (CA) to manage N and weeds; however, information from Zimbabwe is limited. The objective of the study was to investigate the benefits of rotating maize (Zea mays L.) with different leguminous and nonleguminous cover crops on maize yield, weed management, and decomposition rates of residues. A study was conducted at University of Zimbabwe (UZ), Domboshawa Training Centre (DTC), and two sites at Henderson Research Station (HRS) with contrasting soil types (clay and sand) from 2008 to 2014. Nine different cover crops were rotated with maize and compared with maize monocropping. During the 2012 to 2013 and 2013 to 2014 cropping seasons, a litter‐bag experiment was set within the experiment at UZ and DTC to investigate residue decomposition rates. Decreases in weed numbers of up to 94% were observed in maize–black sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) treatment at DTC. At UZ, maize after jack‐bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.] (7823 kg ha−1) showed up to 61% more yield than continuous maize (4851 kg ha−1). Maize yields after fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) were, in most cases, not significantly different from those of uniform maize. Decomposition rates were faster in leguminous residues, with velvet‐bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex Burck] residues being generally the fastest and therefore not suitable for ground cover. Despite the positive effects of rotations, not a single cover crop was identified that provided all the benefits. There is need to characterize niches for specific cover crops within the farming system to assist farmers in their choices and spatial arrangements of cover crops on their farms.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Contribution of Cover Crops to the Productivity of Maize‐Based Conservation Agriculture Systems in Zimbabwe

Mhlanga

Cheesman²,

Maasdorp

et al. 2015

Crop Science

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“…No-ploughing, reduced tillage, and direct drilling result in increased weed incidence [16], particularly of perennial weeds [17]. The maximum population of weed plants was obtained, for most of the years, from the first 2-3 cm of undisturbed soil, but soil moisture near field capacity is necessary to obtain a maximum population density [18]. The indicator species system in Ellenberg is one of the most widely used and describes a species' response to edaphic and climatic parameters compared to other species [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

et al. 2021

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The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.

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“…Since temperature and soil moisture are the most important factors for seed germination and seedling emergence [32], the absence of precipitation and too high or low temperatures may decrease germination, while rainfall during spring promotes it [33][34][35]. Therefore, weather conditions undoubtedly played a role in the observed differences in weed species total emergence between the two years of these experiments, and the emergence patterns of the species were different between 2019 and 2020 (emergence patterns of all eight species are in Appendix A).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence

2021

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Weed behaviour in crop fields has been extensively studied; nevertheless, limited knowledge is available for particular cropping systems, such as no-till systems. Improving weed management under no-till conditions requires an understanding of the interaction between crop residues and the seedling emergence process. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maize and wheat residues, applied in three different quantities (1, the field quantity, 0.5, and 1.5-fold amounts of the field quantity), on the emergence of eight weed species: Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Sonchus oleraceus, and Sorghum halepense. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive years. The results showed that the quantities 1 and 1.5 could suppress seedling emergence by 20 and 44%, respectively, while the quantity 0.5 seems to promote emergence by 22% compared with the control without residues. Weed species showed different responses to crop residues, from C. album showing 56% less emergence to S. halepense showing a 44% higher emergence than the control without residues. Different meteorological conditions in the two-year experiment also exhibited a significant influence on weed species emergence.

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Weed emergence as influenced by soil moisture and air temperature

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Contribution of Cover Crops to the Productivity of Maize‐Based Conservation Agriculture Systems in Zimbabwe

Contribution of Cover Crops to the Productivity of Maize‐Based Conservation Agriculture Systems in Zimbabwe

The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence

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