Weed Aboveground and Seedbank Community Responses to Agricultural Management Systems

Menalled, Fabián D.; Gross, Katherine L.; Hammond, Mark

doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1586:waascr]2.0.co;2

Cited by 214 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Consistent with Menalled et al [42], we found greater temporal variability in weed community composition in conventional fields than in organic fields. This higher year-to-year variation in weed community composition in conventional fields could be due to the inconsistencies among different conventional growers in weed control success.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

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Farming systems act as ecological filters impacting cropland associated biodiversity; however, the extent of these effects is largely unknown in the drylands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), a key conventional and organic crop production region. In this 3-year (2013-2015) on-farm study, we addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the effects of conventional and organic farming systems on weed and ground beetle (carabidae) communities. We observed 25 weed species in conventional and 44 in organic fields. Weed species richness and weed species evenness were 237% and 137% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. We collected a total of 1520 beetle specimens, representing 28 species in conventional and 37 in organic fields. Beetle activity-density and species richness were 220% and 156% greater in organic fields than in conventional fields. Both weed and ground beetle communities differed between conventional and organic fields, indicating that farming systems act as distinct ecological filters. We conclude that, in the drylands of the NGP, adoption of organic farming enhances weed abundance which could have potential management challenges, but provide floral resources to the pollinators and parasitoids. Similarly, greater diversity of ground beetles could enhance conservation biological control of crop pests, ultimately supporting for sustainable agriculture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Adhikari

Menalled

2018

Sustainability

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“…Because growing cells require ribosomes for protein synthesis, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) can be used to characterize the active portion of communities (27). The simultaneous characterization of microbial communities by rRNA and rDNA fingerprinting is analogous to surveys of plant communities and their associated seed banks (28). For example, rDNA-based composition of microbial communities is akin to plant seeds, which represent propagules from past and current members of an aboveground community.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dormancy contributes to the maintenance of microbial diversity

Jones

Lennon

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

749

632

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Dormancy is a bet-hedging strategy used by a variety of organisms to overcome unfavorable environmental conditions. By entering a reversible state of low metabolic activity, dormant individuals become members of a seed bank, which can determine community dynamics in future generations. Although microbiologists have documented dormancy in both clinical and natural settings, the importance of seed banks for the diversity and functioning of microbial communities remains untested. Here, we develop a theoretical model demonstrating that microbial communities are structured by environmental cues that trigger dormancy. A molecular survey of lake ecosystems revealed that dormancy plays a more important role in shaping bacterial communities than eukaryotic microbial communities. The proportion of dormant bacteria was relatively low in productive ecosystems but accounted for up to 40% of taxon richness in nutrient-poor systems. Our simulations and empirical data suggest that regional environmental cues and dormancy synchronize the composition of active communities across the landscape while decoupling active microbes from the total community at local scales. Furthermore, we observed that rare bacterial taxa were disproportionately active relative to common bacterial taxa, suggesting that microbial rank-abundance curves are more dynamic than previously considered. We propose that repeated transitions to and from the seed bank may help maintain the high levels of microbial biodiversity that are observed in nearly all ecosystems.biodiversity | ecosystem function | microbial ecology | modeling | seed bank

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“…This small number of species is probably associated with intensive cropping (two crops per year, involving harrowings and fertilizations), with corn being grown in the experiment area for over ten years. The biomass of the above-ground part of weeds, as well as density and diversity of those plants are lower under conventional cultivation (tillage and high doses of chemical products), intermediate in reduced tillage systems, and higher in organic systems (Menalled et al, 2001). The weed population in a given area varies according to many factors, such as soil seed bank, soil, climate, crop, and agronomic practices.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and yield of corn grain and green ear in competition with weeds

et al. 2009

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Studies on plant growth are interesting because they provide explanations for the factors that influence yield in various crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate growth and yield in corn cultivar AG1051, when in competition with weeds. Cultivar AG 1051 was submitted to two groups of treatments: weed control, and sampling periods for dry biomass evaluation. The weed control treatments consisted of hoeing (two hoeings performed at 20 and 40 days after sowing) and no hoeing. Sampling periods consisted of collecting the above-ground part and roots of corn every fifteen days, until 105 days after sowing (DAS); the first sampling was performed 30 DAS. A completely randomized block design with ten replicates was used. For the characteristics evaluated in a single season, statistical analyses were carried out as a random block experiment. For the characteristics evaluated in several periods, statistical analyses were carried out as random blocks with split-plots (weed control assigned to plots). Fourteen weed species, unevenly distributed throughout the experimental area, were the most important. The growth observed for the above-ground part and root system of corn was 30% smaller in the non-hoed plots, compared to the hoed plots. Lack of weed control increased dry matter of the above-ground part of the weeds and reduced the number of unhusked and husked marketable green ears by 23% and 49%, respectively. Grain yield reduction caused by lack of weed control reached 38%.

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Weed Aboveground and Seedbank Community Responses to Agricultural Management Systems

Cited by 214 publications

References 45 publications

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Impacts of Dryland Farm Management Systems on Weeds and Ground Beetles (Carabidae) in the Northern Great Plains

Dormancy contributes to the maintenance of microbial diversity

Growth and yield of corn grain and green ear in competition with weeds

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