Wechsler adult intelligence scale-4th edition digit span performance in subjective cognitive complaints, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and probable dementia of the Alzheimer type

Ruchinskas, Robert A.

doi:10.1080/13854046.2019.1585574

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…*Consistent with the average forward digit span test score of 9.9 (2.8; Ruchinskas, 2019). **Consistent with the average backward digit span test score of 10.2 (2.4; Ruchinskas, 2019). ***Slightly above the average MMSE score of 26.1 (1.1) reported by Ciesielska et al (2016) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Compensation of Trial-to-Trial Latency Jitter Reveals the Parietal Retrieval Success Effect to be Both Variable and Thresholded in Older Adults

Murray

Ouyang²,

Donaldson

2019

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Although the neural mechanism supporting episodic recollection has been well characterized in younger adults, exactly how recollection is supported in older adults remains unclear. The electrophysiological correlate of recollection—the parietal retrieval success effect—for example, has been shown to be sensitive to both the amount of information recollected and the accuracy of remembered information in younger adults. To date, there is mixed evidence that parietal effect also scales with the amount of information remembered in older adults whilst there is little evidence that the same mechanism is sensitive to the accuracy of recollected information. Here, we address one potential concern when investigating Event Related Potentials (ERPs) among older adults—namely, the greater potential for single-trial latency variability to smear and reduces the amplitudes of averaged ERPs. We apply a well-established algorithm for correcting single-trial latency variability, Residual Iteration Decomposition Analysis (RIDE), to investigate whether the parietal retrieval success effect among older adults is sensitive to retrieval accuracy. Our results reveal that similar to younger adults, older adult parietal retrieval success effects scale with the accuracy of recollected information—i.e., is greater in magnitude when recollected information is of high accuracy, reduced in magnitude when accuracy is low, and entirely absent when guessing. The results help clarify the functional significance of the neural mechanism supporting recollection in older adults whilst also highlighting the potential issues with interpreting average ERPs in older adult populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Compensation of Trial-to-Trial Latency Jitter Reveals the Parietal Retrieval Success Effect to be Both Variable and Thresholded in Older Adults

Murray

Ouyang²,

Donaldson

2019

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…There are also normative data of this test for subjects over 50 in Spain within the NEURONORMA Project [ 54 ]. Some studies with healthy controls and MCI and AD patients have reported the effectiveness of both subtests to identify subtle impairments and to detect MCI [ 55 ], and to differentiate people with MCI and AD [ 56 ]. Lortie et al [ 57 ] found that individuals with MCI declined in performance over 6 months, suggesting that both subtests are a reliable measure for monitoring the disease progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test

Iñesta

Oltra-Cucarella

Bonete-López

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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In this work, we developed normative data for the neuropsychological assessment of independent and cognitively active Spanish older adults over 55 years of age. Method: Regression-based normative data were calculated from a sample of 103 non-depressed independent community-dwelling adults aged 55 or older (67% women). Raw data for Digit Span (DS), Letters and Numbers (LN), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were regressed on age, sex, and education. The model predicting TMT-B scores also included TMT-A scores. Z-scores for the discrepancy between observed and predicted scores were used to identify low scores. The base rate of low scores for SABIEX normative data was compared to the base rate of low scores using published normative data obtained from the general population. Results: The effects of age, sex, and education varied across neuropsychological measures. Although the proportion of low scores was similar between normative datasets, there was no agreement in the identification of cognitively impaired individuals. Conclusions: Normative data obtained from the general population might not be sensitive to identify low scores in cognitively active older adults, incorrectly classifying them as cognitively normal compared to the less-active population. We provide a friendly calculator for use in neuropsychological assessment in cognitively active Spanish people aged 55 or older.

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“…The impaired performance of the overall group of MCI patients on the DSB and CS span tasks is in keeping with the pattern of results frequently reported in AD patients and less consistently in the literature on MCI. Indeed, these patients have been found consistently impaired in backward versions of verbal span tests 19,42 . Moreover, Huntley and Howard 17 reviewed the extant literature and found that out of the nine studies which investigated visual‐spatial spans in mildly demented patients with AD, eight reported significantly worse performance as compared to normal controls (eg 1119 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal and spatial memory spans in mild cognitive impairment

et al. 2021

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Objectives Working memory (WM) for verbal and visual material may be affected early in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Verbal and visuospatial span tasks, that is neuropsychological procedures commonly used for the clinical assessment of WM, have been scarcely investigated in these patients. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating whether performance on tests of verbal and visual‐spatial span (which rely to different extents on distinct components of the WM system) is differently sensitive to the presence of MCI and, in particular, of a preclinical AD condition in patients with MCI. Materials & Methods 99 patients with amnesic MCI were given the Digit Span Forward (DSF) and Digit Span Backward (DSB) tests and the Corsi span task (CS) at baseline and were followed up for two years. 32 MCI patients converted to Alzheimer's disease (MCIc), but 67 patients did not deteriorate to meet the criteria for AD (MCIs). Results Results showed that although performance on DSF did not differ between groups, performance on DSB and CS and ratio indexes indicative of a performance decline passing from DSF to DSB and from DSF to CS significantly discriminated between a group of matched healthy controls and the overall group of MCI patients. Moreover, the ratio indexes significantly discriminated between MCIc and MCIs individuals. Conclusions These data are consistent with the hypothesis that individuals with MCI, particularly those destined to convert to AD, are affected by reduced central executive resources even though the phonological loop is still functioning normally.

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Wechsler adult intelligence scale-4th edition digit span performance in subjective cognitive complaints, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and probable dementia of the Alzheimer type

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Compensation of Trial-to-Trial Latency Jitter Reveals the Parietal Retrieval Success Effect to be Both Variable and Thresholded in Older Adults

Compensation of Trial-to-Trial Latency Jitter Reveals the Parietal Retrieval Success Effect to be Both Variable and Thresholded in Older Adults

Regression-Based Normative Data for Independent and Cognitively Active Spanish Older Adults: Digit Span, Letters and Numbers, Trail Making Test and Symbol Digit Modalities Test

Verbal and spatial memory spans in mild cognitive impairment

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