Weathering of Oil Spilled in the Marine Environment

Tarr, Matthew A.; Zito, Phoebe; Overton, Edward B.; Olson, Gregory M.; Adhikari, Puspa L.; Reddy, Christopher M.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2016.77

Cited by 104 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Abiotic degradation processes such as sedimentation dissolution, dispersion, or photooxidation [69] would be evident if the CPI changed considerably over time. However, there is clear trend of disappearance time as a function of chain length as shown with constant CPIs and the steep decrease of the n-C17/Pr and n-C18/Ph ratios over time ( Table 2) that proves the dominance of biodegradation processes.…”

Section: Degradation Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesocosm experiments to better understand hydrocarbon half-lives for oil and oil dispersant mixtures

et al. 2020

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Concerns on the timing and processes associated with petroleum degradation were raised after the use of Corexit during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. There is a lack of understanding of the removal of oil associated with flocculate materials to the sediment. Mesocosm studies employing coastal and open-ocean seawater from the Gulf of Mexico were undertaken to examine changes in oil concentration and composition with time. The water accommodated fractions (WAF) and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) produced using Macondo surrogate oil and Corexit were followed over 3-4 days in controlled environmental conditions. Environmental half-lives of estimated oil equivalents (EOE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), n-alkanes (C10-C35), isoprenoids pristane and phytane, and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were determined. EOE and PAH concentrations decreased exponentially following first-order decay rate kinetics. WAF, CEWAF and DCEWAF (a 10X CEWAF dilution) treatments half-lives ranged from 0.9 to 3.2 days for EOE and 0.5 to 3.3 days for PAH, agreeing with estimates from previous mesocosm and field studies. The aliphatic half-lives for CEWAF and DECWAF treatments ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 days, but no half-life for WAF could be calculated as concentrations were below the detection limits. Biodegradation occurred in all treatments based on the temporal decrease of the nC 17 /pristane and nC 18 /phytane ratios. The heterogeneity observed in all treatments was likely due to the hydrophobicity of oil and weathering processes occurring at different rates and times. The presence of dispersant did not dramatically change the half-lives of oil. Comparing degradation of oil alone as well as with dispersant present is critical to determine the fate and transport of these materials in the ocean.

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Section: Degradation Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesocosm experiments to better understand hydrocarbon half-lives for oil and oil dispersant mixtures

et al. 2020

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“…Once oil is spilled in the natural environment, chemical compositions are continuously changed by various weathering processes. The weathering processes may involve spreading, advection, volatilization, dissolution, photodegradation, emulsification, sedimentation, and microbial degradation . Photo‐degradation is also an important weathering process that typically yields PAHs having higher polarity and water solubility .…”

Section: Use Of the In‐apci/appi Source Isotope Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weathering processes may involve spreading, advection, volatilization, dissolution, photodegradation, emulsification, sedimentation, and microbial degradation. [348][349][350][351][352][353] Photo-degradation is also an important weathering process that typically yields PAHs having higher polarity and water solubility. 348,354 The continuous series of weathering processes can be understood by molecular-level analysis of oil residues.…”

Section: Understanding Weathering Processes Of Petroleum By Hdx-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange in mass spectrometry

Kostyukevich

Acter

Zherebker

et al. 2018

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The isotopic exchange approach is in use since the first observation of such reactions in 1933 by Lewis. This approach allows the investigation of the pathways of chemical and biochemical reactions, determination of structure, composition, and conformation of molecules. Mass spectrometry has now become one of the most important analytical tools for the monitoring of the isotopic exchange reactions. Investigation of conformational dynamics of proteins, quantitative measurements, obtaining chemical, and structural information about individual compounds of the complex natural mixtures are mainly based on the use of isotope exchange in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry. The most important reaction is the Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange, which is mainly performed in the solution. Recently we have developed the approach allowing performing of the Hydrogen/Deuterium reaction on-line directly in the ionization source under atmospheric pressure. Such approach simplifies the sample preparation and can accelerate the exchange reaction so that certain hydrogens that are considered as non-labile will also participate in the exchange. The use of in-ionization source H/D exchange in modern mass spectrometry for structural elucidation of molecules serves as the basic theme in this review. We will focus on the mechanisms of the isotopic exchange reactions and on the application of in-ESI, in-APCI, and in-APPI source Hydrogen/Deuterium exchange for the investigation of petroleum, natural organic matter, oligosaccharides, and proteins including protein-protein complexes. The simple scenario for adaptation of H/D exchange reactions into mass spectrometric method is also highlighted along with a couple of examples collected from previous studies.

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“…Crude oil undergoes natural weathering processes that change its chemical composition and physical properties upon entering the water column (Boehm et al, 1982;National Research Council, 2003;Payne and McNabb, 1984;Tarr et al, 2016). Examples o environmental weathering processes include evaporation, dissolution, dispersion, photo-oxidation, microbial degradation, emulsi cation, sedimentation, and burial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%