“…Mine spoils are artefacts (any material created, transported or modified by human activity) and common parent material for Technosols (IUSS Working Group WRB, 2014). The many ways technogenic materials of mine sites can be modified include blasting and excavation of bedrock, transportation, crushing and mixing , which may strongly determine the kinetics of weathering and, thus, control soil formation (Duchaufour, 1982).…”