Weather and human impacts on forest fires: 100 years of fire history in two climatic regions of Switzerland

Zumbrunnen, Thomas; Pezzatti, Gianni Boris; Menéndez, Patricia; Bugmann, Harald; Bürgi, Matthias; Conedera, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.10.009

Cited by 104 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…As potenciais diferenças nas características do fogo, entre regiões diferentes, precisam ser consideradas quando do planejamento otimizado e adoção de medidas geograficamente específicas de prevenção de incêndios (ZUMBRUNNEN et al, 2011). Para Chang et al (2015), as características dos incêndios florestais geralmente incluem frequência, tamanho e padrão do fogo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Perfil Dos Incêndios Florestais Em Unidades De Conservação Brasileiras No Período De 2008 À 2012

Torres

Lima

Costa

et al. 2017

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ResumoOs incêndios florestais estão entre as principais ameaças à biodiversidade. Mesmo em áreas especialmente protegidas, a ameaça é constante. Diante disto, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil dos incêndios florestais nas Unidades de Conservação (UCs) federais no Brasil no período de 2008 a 2012, a fim de se fornecer informações para subsidiar a tomada de decisões de forma mais segura e confiável. Para a determinação deste perfil, foram compiladas as informações do banco de dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Fogo (SISFOGO). De acordo com os resultados, foram registradas 768 ocorrências de incêndios, que queimaram uma área total de 471.254,43 ha. O maior número de ocorrência foi observado nas unidades de conservação do estado do Ceará. Por outro lado, a maior área queimada localizou-se no estado do Tocantins. Com relação ao tamanho das áreas queimadas, houve um retrocesso na condição desejável, aumentando a quantidade de ocorrências em classes de tamanho maiores. O período mais propício foi entre os meses de julho e novembro, sendo percebida a influência de eventos climáticos na distribuição anual dos incêndios. Analisando-se as causas, ficou nítida a pressão que as áreas do entorno das UCs exercem sobre as áreas protegidas, exigindo uma política mais eficiente de proteção. Muitos dados dos ROIs ainda não são preenchidos ou são preenchidos sem um critério mais apurado pelos responsáveis, uma maior preocupação com esta ação, melhoraria muito o conhecimento sobre as ocorrências de incêndios florestais no país. Palavras-chave: Fogo; SNUC; Brasil. Abstract Forest fire statistics in Brazilian ConservationUnits from 2008 to 2012. Forest fires are among the major threats to biodiversity. Even in specially protected areas, the threat is constant. In view of this, the aim of this study is to know the profile of forest fires in Conservation Units (UCs) Federal in Brazil from 2008 to 2014 in order to provide information to support the taking of a more secure and reliable decisions. To determine this profile has been compiled information from the National System Database Fire Information (SISFOGO). According to the results, it was recorded 768 fire incidents, burning a total area of 471,254.43 ha. The largest number of occurrences was observed in the state of Ceará protected areas, on the other hand, the largest area burned was located in the state of Tocantins. Regarding the size of burned areas, there was a setback in the desirable condition, increasing the number of occurrences in larger size classes. The best season is between the months of July and November, and perceived the influence of weather events in the annual distribution of fires. Analyzing the causes, it became clear the pressure that the areas surrounding the protected areas have on protected areas requiring a more effective policy of protection. Many ROIs are not filled or are filled with no discretion over by those responsible, a greater concern with this action, would greatly improve knowledge of forest fire occurrences in the count...

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Perfil Dos Incêndios Florestais Em Unidades De Conservação Brasileiras No Período De 2008 À 2012

Torres

Lima

Costa

et al. 2017

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“…We assume that the probability for fire ignition is underestimated in areas with a low density of variables relevant for fire ignition. In this context the studies of Zumbrunnen et al (2011) have emphasized the non-linear nature of the relationships between fire occurrence and anthropogenic drivers. As road density was no longer correlated with fire occurrence above a certain threshold in two cantons of Switzerland, the authors concluded that expected future increase and spatial concentration of the human population may not result in a further increase in fire risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling human-caused forest fire ignition for assessing forest fire danger in Austria

Arndt¹,

Vacik²,

Koch³

et al. 2013

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionFire danger is generally understood as the likelihood of a fire to occur (Chuvieco & Congalton 1989). In fire danger assessments the evaluation of the chances of fire ignition is generally done by identifying the contributing factors and their integration into an index quantifying the level of danger (Chuvieco et al. 2003, Sebastián-López et al. 2008. For the probability of a fire to occur, two agents are identified: natural (predominantly lightning) and anthropogenic causes, which are mainly related to human activities. In this context, the probability of human-caused fire ignition is the result of the direct or indirect presence of human activity in the landscape (Martinez et al. 2009). International studies indicate that roughly 90% of forest fires are human-caused, whereas only a small percentage of forest fires have natural causes, i.e., lightning (Cardille et al. 2001, Grissino-Mayer et al. 2004, Mollicone et al. 2006, Vacik et al. 2011. In Europe, human activities account for the majority of fire ignition (Leone et al. 2002, Catry et al. 2009, Martinez et al. 2009).Various goods and services provided by forests such as water supply, carbon sinks, recreation and protection services are most likely to be impacted by wildfires (Wotton et al. 2003, Grissino-Mayer et al. 2004, Brown et al. 2004, Fried et al. 2004, Catry et al. 2009, Dumas et al. 2008, Weibel et al. 2009). Especially in the densely populated European mountain forests the danger of fire ignition is of high significance for the maintenance of its ecosystem goods and services as these ecosystems are very sensitive to environmental changes (Steininger & WeckHannemann 2002, Lindner et al. 2010. Additionally the economic value of goods and services of the alpine region experiences an increased recognition especially through sporting activities and outdoor recreation (Hall & Page 2009). Furthermore, the alpine region is crossed by important transit and trade routes. They aid in promoting tourism in the mountainous regions across Europe (Gambino & Romano 2003, Nordregio 2004, Brauchle 2006, which is leading to an increased development of touristic infrastructure besides the extensive use by naturebased tourism (Gambino & Romano 2003, Heinrichs et al. 2010). The herewith associated rise in pressure on forests through a growing number of tourists is potentially increasing danger of fire ignition. The increasing significance of transportation for the supply of living goods as well as for the provision of access to services potentially affects fire ignition as well. Several international studies have shown the significance of the distance of forest fires to roads, settlements and infrastructure, or specific land uses or even its abandonment as predisposition for fire ignition (Vega-Garcia et al. 1995, Goldammer 2003, Kalabokidis et al. 2002, Catry et al. 2009, Martinez et al. 2009).Although human factors are relatively important when analyzing forest fire ignition, little attention has been paid to their s...

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“…Most wildfires are small (average size =5.8 ha); however, 70% of the burned area is due to sporadic but relatively large wildfires (up to 400 ha: Vacchiano et al, 2016). This fire regime is common to several inner Alpine valleys (Moser et al, 2010;Zumbrunnen et al, 2011) and reflects the influence of 5 strict fire suppression policies adopted in the last decades throughout the Alpine region (Pezzatti et al, 2013;Valese et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 96%

Modeling anthropogenic and natural fire ignitions in an inner-alpine valley

Vacchiano¹,

Foderi²,

Berretti³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Modelling and assessing the factors that drive forest fire ignitions is critical for fire prevention and sustainable ecosystem management. In southern Europe, the anthropogenic component of wildland fire ignitions is especially relevant. 10In the Alps, however, the role of fire as a component of disturbance regimes in forest and grassland ecosystems is poorly known. The aim of this work is to model the probability of fire ignition for an alpine region in Italy using a regional wildfire archive (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)) and MaxEnt modeling. We analyzed separately: i) winter forest fires; ii) winter fires on grasslands and fallow land; iii) summer fires. Predictors were related to morphology, climate, and land use; distance from infrastructures, number of farms, and number of grazing animals were used as proxies for the anthropogenic component; collinearity among 15 predictors was reduced by a Principal Component Analysis. 30% of ignitions occurred in agricultural areas, 24% in forests.Ignitions peaked in the late winter-early spring. Negligence from agro-silvicultural activities was the main cause of ignition (64%); lightning accounted for 9% of causes across the study timeframe, but increased from 6% to 10% between the first and second period of analysis. Models for all groups of fire had a high goodness-of-fit (AUC 0.90-0.95). Temperature was proportional to the probability of ignition, and precipitation inverse-proportional. Proximity from infrastructures had an 20 effect only on winter fires, while the density of grazing animals had a remarkably different on summer (positive correlation) and winter (negative) fires. Implications are discussed regarding climate change, fire regime changes, and silvicultural prevention. Such spatially-explicit approach allows to carry out spatially targeted fire management strategies, and may assist in developing better fire management plans. 25

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Weather and human impacts on forest fires: 100 years of fire history in two climatic regions of Switzerland

Cited by 104 publications

References 95 publications

Perfil Dos Incêndios Florestais Em Unidades De Conservação Brasileiras No Período De 2008 À 2012

Perfil Dos Incêndios Florestais Em Unidades De Conservação Brasileiras No Período De 2008 À 2012

Modeling human-caused forest fire ignition for assessing forest fire danger in Austria

Modeling anthropogenic and natural fire ignitions in an inner-alpine valley

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