Weather and Climate Engineering

Cotton, William R.

doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262012874.003.0015

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In a curious way, what I might term the 'nuclear indifference' hypothesis has been subject to a kind of crude refutation, although it is not yet complete: Prolonged efforts involving both scientific and practical experiments and applications stretching across decades and continents have, with rare exceptions, failed to yield proof of scientificallyaccepted status that the 'seeding' of clouds through the variously-engineered injection into them of specific types of inorganic particles can function to enhance the formation of rain (NRC 2003, Cotton 2009). To be sure, explanations of these failures run in several directions not centred on the organic versus inorganic nature of the seeding agent (Beck 2010;Cotton 2009;Levin 2010).…”

Section: Bioprecipitation: a Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be sure, explanations of these failures run in several directions not centred on the organic versus inorganic nature of the seeding agent (Beck 2010;Cotton 2009;Levin 2010). For immediate purposes, it is enough to understand that the widely-noted scientific deficiencies of cloud-seeding experiments involving the introduction of inorganic particles into clouds should cast no aspersions on the development of the field of bioprecipitation which, in its aims, methods and outcomes, is entirely remote from the cloud-seeding oeuvre.…”

Section: Bioprecipitation: a Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are we killing the rain? Meditations on the water cycle and, more particularly, on bioprecipitation

Cohen¹

2012

Water International

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Section: Bioprecipitation: a Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioprecipitation: a Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are we killing the rain? Meditations on the water cycle and, more particularly, on bioprecipitation

Cohen¹

2012

Water International

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Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

et al. 2012

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Abstract.We have sampled atmospheric ice nuclei (IN) and aerosol in Germany and in Israel during spring 2010. IN were analyzed by the static vapor diffusion chamber FRIDGE, as well as by electron microscopy. During the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption of April 2010 we have measured the highest ice nucleus number concentrations (>600 l −1 ) in our record of 2 yr of daily IN measurements in central Germany. Even in Israel, located about 5000 km away from Iceland, IN were as high as otherwise only during desert dust storms. The fraction of aerosol activated as ice nuclei at −18 • C and 119 % rh ice and the corresponding area density of ice-active sites per aerosol surface were considerably higher than what we observed during an intense outbreak of Saharan dust over Europe in May 2008.Pure volcanic ash accounts for at least 53-68 % of the 239 individual ice nucleating particles that we collected in aerosol samples from the event and analyzed by electron microscopy. Volcanic ash samples that had been collected close to the eruption site were aerosolized in the laboratory and measured by FRIDGE. Our analysis confirms the relatively poor ice nucleating efficiency (at −18 • C and 119 % ice-saturation) of such "fresh" volcanic ash, as it had recently been found by other workers. We find that both the fraction of the aerosol that is active as ice nuclei as well as the density of ice-active sites on the aerosol surface are three orders of magnitude larger in the samples collected from ambient air during the volcanic peaks than in the aerosolized samples from the ash collected close to the eruption site. From this we conclude that the ice-nucleating properties of volcanic ash may be altered substantially by aging and processing during long-range transport in the atmosphere, and that global volcanism deserves further attention as a potential source of atmospheric ice nuclei.

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Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

Bingemer¹,

Klein²,

Ebert³

et al. 2011

Preprint

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Explosive volcanism affects weather and climate. Primary volcanic ash particles which act as ice nuclei (IN) can modify the phase and properties of cold tropospheric clouds. During the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption we have measured the highest ice nucleus number concentrations (>600 L) in our record of 2 years of daily IN measurements in central Germany. Even in Israel, located about 5000 km away from Iceland, IN were as high as otherwise only during desert dust storms. These measurements are the only ones available on the properties of IN in the Eyjafjallajökull plume. The measured high concentrations and high activation temperature (−8 °C) point to an important impact of volcanic ash on microphysical and radiative properties of clouds through enhanced glaciation

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Weather and Climate Engineering

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Are we killing the rain? Meditations on the water cycle and, more particularly, on bioprecipitation

Are we killing the rain? Meditations on the water cycle and, more particularly, on bioprecipitation

Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

Atmospheric ice nuclei in the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic ash plume

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