Wearable Sensors for Healthcare: Fabrication to Application

Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra; Suryadevara, Nagender Kumar; Nag, Anindya

doi:10.3390/s22145137

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…There are many stages for the sensor, or any wearable device for that matter, to overcome before it reaches the consumer for usage. From design to marketing, the two major hurdles for the final product to be approved and distributed are validation and acceptance by the user [ 2 , 102 ]. One potential solution to these structural disadvantages is to base the next generation of wearables on bandages.…”

Section: Functional Bandagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Smart Bandage-Based Bio-Sensors

2023

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Bandage is a well-established industry, whereas wearable electronics is an emerging industry. This review presents the bandage as the base of wearable bioelectronics. It begins with introducing a detailed background to bandages and the development of bandage-based smart sensors, which is followed by a sequential discussion of the technical characteristics of the existing bandages, a more practical methodology for future applications, and manufacturing processes of bandage-based wearable biosensors. The review then elaborates on the advantages of basing the next generation of wearables, such as acceptance by the customers and system approvals, and disposal.

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Section: Functional Bandagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Smart Bandage-Based Bio-Sensors

2023

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“…6,7 Therefore, conductive TPUs have been widely utilized as strain sensors for healthcare monitoring and motion detection. 8 Additionally, the advantages of design flexibility, compatibility with various materials, simplicity, and mass manufacturing availability make electrochemical sensors highly attractive in gas sensor applications. Conductive polymers, including polyaniline, polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene, have been continually investigated, and their mechanism of sensing ammonia gas has been well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the demand for soft electronics has increased substantially, various types of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) have attracted significant attention as soft materials owing to their convenient fabrication, remarkable stretchability, durability, flexibility, and elasticity. − An advantage of TPU is that it can be conveniently incorporated into nano/microfunctional materials . Many TPUs have been dissolved in organic solvents and then blended with conductive nanofillers such as metal nanoparticles, carbon materials, and MXene. , Therefore, conductive TPUs have been widely utilized as strain sensors for healthcare monitoring and motion detection . Additionally, the advantages of design flexibility, compatibility with various materials, simplicity, and mass manufacturing availability make electrochemical sensors highly attractive in gas sensor applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fabrication Process of Conductive TPU Composites on Dual-Function Gas Sensor and Energy Devices

Choi,

Han,

Yim

2024

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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The tunable mechanical and stretchable properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), in conjunction with its convenience of surface modification, have attracted interest for various sensing materials. This study examines the process of creating conductive and flexible TPU composites by incorporating carbon materials such as graphene oxide (GO) and polypyrrole (PPy). The suitability of these composites for ammonia gas sensing and as supercapacitor electrode materials is investigated for evaluating the potential of the dual-functioning hybrid composites. Two fabrication process sequences are examined: one involves surrounding TPU with GO and subsequently adding PPy, and the other involves wrapping TPU with PPy and incorporating GO. The results reveal that the fabrication process sequence can be adapted to control the mechanical and electrical properties of TPU composites. Furthermore, the conductive TPU composites exhibit significant potential for dual-function applications as both ammonia gas sensors and supercapacitor electrode materials. Among the TPU composites tested, TPU-PPy-GO demonstrates the best performance in terms of gas sensing and supercapacitor capabilities. A further evaluation of TPU-PPy-GO focuses on its selectivity and sensitivity to other reducing gases (triethylamine, ethanol, and methanol) and its galvanostatic charge−discharge properties for energy-storage electrode applications. By modification of the fabrication sequence, conductive TPU composites can be used extensively as chemical sensors and energy storage materials.

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“…A fog model is again required to be incorporated in several situations, but, in addition to the procedures above, commonly specified methodologies are represented [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] using an architecture-described system. In the next section, we will discuss a wearable IoT model that uses analytical equations to determine what is wrong with a person within a certain period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Framework for Wearable Devices in the Internet of Things Using Deep Learning

Mirza

Mujlid

Manoharan³

et al. 2022

Diagnostics

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To avoid dire situations, the medical sector must develop various methods for quickly and accurately identifying infections in remote regions. The primary goal of the proposed work is to create a wearable device that uses the Internet of Things (IoT) to carry out several monitoring tasks. To decrease the amount of communication loss as well as the amount of time required to wait before detection and improve detection quality, the designed wearable device is also operated with a multi-objective framework. Additionally, a design method for wearable IoT devices is established, utilizing distinct mathematical approaches to solve these objectives. As a result, the monitored parametric values are saved in a different IoT application platform. Since the proposed study focuses on a multi-objective framework, state design and deep learning (DL) optimization techniques are combined, reducing the complexity of detection in wearable technology. Wearable devices with IoT processes have even been included in current methods. However, a solution cannot be duplicated using mathematical approaches and optimization strategies. Therefore, developed wearable gadgets can be applied to real-time medical applications for fast remote monitoring of an individual. Additionally, the proposed technique is tested in real-time, and an IoT simulation tool is utilized to track the compared experimental results under five different situations. In all of the case studies that were examined, the planned method performs better than the current state-of-the-art methods.

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Wearable Sensors for Healthcare: Fabrication to Application

Cited by 43 publications

References 208 publications

Wearable Smart Bandage-Based Bio-Sensors

Wearable Smart Bandage-Based Bio-Sensors

Effects of Fabrication Process of Conductive TPU Composites on Dual-Function Gas Sensor and Energy Devices

Mathematical Framework for Wearable Devices in the Internet of Things Using Deep Learning

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