Wearable RFID perspiration sensor tags for well-being applications – from laboratory to field use

Mulholland, Kyle; Virkki, Johanna; Raumonen, Pasi; Merilampi, Sari

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5122-7_253

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…They operate by harvesting energy from the radio frequency (RF) signal generated by the RFID reader/antenna. These tags typically have memory and other features and communicate with the reader using a technique called backscatter [14,15], where the tag control chip controls the tag antenna impedance, which reflects the RF signal generated by the reader in different manners. The RFID reader senses the RF signal reflections, caused by the tag's antenna impedance change, and decodes information from a protocol based on this technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RFID reader senses the RF signal reflections, caused by the tag's antenna impedance change, and decodes information from a protocol based on this technique. During this communication, the reader is able to measure the received signal strength of the tag, which is available as the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) [14,15]. Figure 4 shows a typical UHF RFID tag and the one used on this work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, and more recently, Mulholland et al [14] proposed the use of standard RFID tags as people's moisture/ sweat sensor, with theoretical and experimental validation Journal of Sensors of a standard RFID tag for this application, including experiments made on an anechoic chamber. Meng and Li [17] also argue that it is possible to measure moisture using a standard RFID tag with the addition of a substrate, which in the case of this work is the soil.…”

Section: Standard Epc/gen2 Uhf Rfid Tags As Soil Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Calibration of Passive UHF RFID Tags Using Neural Networks to Measure Soil Moisture

et al. 2018

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This paper presents a system to monitor soil moisture using standard UHF RFID tags buried on the soil. An autonomous mobile robot is also presented, which is capable to navigate on the field and automatically read the sensors, even if they are completely buried on the soil. Thus, passive RFID tags are buried on the soil, allowing wireless moisture measurement without the need of batteries for long periods. The system dispenses external cables and antennas and may be composed of a single RFID tag buried on the soil or by several RFID tags buried at different depths on the soil. An antenna coupled to a RFID reader can be pointed to the place of installation of these tags, and by measuring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and other parameters, it allows to estimate the amount of water on the soil. The estimation of volumetric water content (VWC) on the soil was successfully obtained and calibrated with R 2 > 0 9 using neural networks trained with experimental data from a reference capacitive soil moisture sensor. In addition to the simplified installation procedure, the system allows manual or automatic reading through irrigation systems or other systems to control irrigation systems. The system has been evaluated in several experiments, and nine tags were buried on the field, being used for at least three years. Experimental results show that it is possible to read tags at 40 cm deep in the soil with the RFID reader antenna 10 cm far from the soil surface.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standard Epc/gen2 Uhf Rfid Tags As Soil Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Calibration of Passive UHF RFID Tags Using Neural Networks to Measure Soil Moisture

et al. 2018

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“…In this paper, screen printing was used for antenna fabrication on Evolon® material which is an engineered nonwoven substrate with very smooth surface but with high surface area. Evo-lon®, constituted of polyester and polyamide fibers, has very low moisture content capacity, thus making the antenna less sensitive to the variation of relative humidity [24][25][26]. This unique property of the substrate allows for the conductive silver microflakes of the ink solution to penetrate inside the fiber bulk by the strong capillary wicking force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous textile antenna designs for improved wearability

Shahariar

Soewardiman

Muchler

et al. 2018

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Textile antennas are an integral part of the next generation personalized wearable electronics system. However, the durability of textile antennas are rarely discussed in the literature. Typical textile antennas are prone to damage during normal wearable user scenarios, washing, and heat cycling over time. Fabricating a durable, washable, flexible, and breathable (like textile materials) antenna is challenging due to the incompatibility of the mechanical properties of conductive materials and soft textile materials. This paper describes a scalable screen printing process on an engineered nonwoven substrate to fabricate microstrip patch antennas with enhanced durability. This work used an Evolon® nonwoven substrate with low surface roughness (∼Ra = 18 μm) and high surface area (∼2.05 mm2 mm−2 of fabric area) compared to traditional textile materials, which allows the ink to penetrate evenly in the fiber bulk with its strong capillary wicking force and enhances print resolution. The composite layer of ink and fiber is conductive and enables the antennas to maintain high mechanical flexibility without varying its RF (Radio Frequency) properties. Additionally, the antennas are packaged by laminating porous polyurethane web to make the device durable and washable. The fully packaged antennas maintain the structural flexibility and RF functionality after 15 cycles of washing and drying. To improve the air permeability and enhance flexibility the antenna is also modified by incorporating holes in the both patch and ground layer of the antenna. The antennas were analyzed before and after submerging in water to observe the effect of wetting and drying with respect to frequency response. The porous antenna with holes recovered 3x times faster than the one without holes (solid) from fully wet state (saturated with water) to the dry state, demonstrating its potential use as a moisture sensor system.

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A Wire-Free and Fiber-Based Smart T-Shirt for Real-Time Breathing Rate Monitoring

et al. 2022

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Wearable RFID perspiration sensor tags for well-being applications – from laboratory to field use

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Calibration of Passive UHF RFID Tags Using Neural Networks to Measure Soil Moisture

Calibration of Passive UHF RFID Tags Using Neural Networks to Measure Soil Moisture

Porous textile antenna designs for improved wearability

A Wire-Free and Fiber-Based Smart T-Shirt for Real-Time Breathing Rate Monitoring

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