Wearable-Measured Sleep and Resting Heart Rate Variability as an Outcome of and Predictor for Subjective Stress Measures: A Multiple N-of-1 Observational Study

Vries, Herman de; Pennings, Helena J. M.; Schans, Cees P. van der; Sanderman, Robbert; Oldenhuis, Hilbrand; Kamphuis, W.

doi:10.3390/s23010332

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, stress has been linked to reduced total sleep time (TST), increased sleep onset latency (SOL), and lower sleep efficiency [21,22,31,32]. Physiological indices measured during sleep, such as lower average nightly heart rate variability (HRV) [33][34][35] increased resting heart rate (RHR) [27], and variation in average nightly respiratory rate (ARR) [36,37] have also been linked to stressors. Recent work using skin conductance and temperature from wearable sensor data, has shown accuracy in classifying college students as high or low stress [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting stress in first-year college students using sleep data from wearable devices

Bloomfield,

Fudolig,

Kim

et al. 2024

PLOS Digit Health

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Consumer wearables have been successful at measuring sleep and may be useful in predicting changes in mental health measures such as stress. A key challenge remains in quantifying the relationship between sleep measures associated with physiologic stress and a user’s experience of stress. Students from a public university enrolled in the Lived Experiences Measured Using Rings Study (LEMURS) provided continuous biometric data and answered weekly surveys during their first semester of college between October-December 2022. We analyzed weekly associations between estimated sleep measures and perceived stress for participants (N = 525). Through mixed-effects regression models, we identified consistent associations between perceived stress scores and average nightly total sleep time (TST), resting heart rate (RHR), heart rate variability (HRV), and respiratory rate (ARR). These effects persisted after controlling for gender and week of the semester. Specifically, for every additional hour of TST, the odds of experiencing moderate-to-high stress decreased by 0.617 or by 38.3% (p<0.01). For each 1 beat per minute increase in RHR, the odds of experiencing moderate-to-high stress increased by 1.036 or by 3.6% (p<0.01). For each 1 millisecond increase in HRV, the odds of experiencing moderate-to-high stress decreased by 0.988 or by 1.2% (p<0.05). For each additional breath per minute increase in ARR, the odds of experiencing moderate-to-high stress increased by 1.230 or by 23.0% (p<0.01). Consistent with previous research, participants who did not identify as male (i.e., female, nonbinary, and transgender participants) had significantly higher self-reported stress throughout the study. The week of the semester was also a significant predictor of stress. Sleep data from wearable devices may help us understand and to better predict stress, a strong signal of the ongoing mental health epidemic among college students.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting stress in first-year college students using sleep data from wearable devices

Bloomfield,

Fudolig,

Kim

et al. 2024

PLOS Digit Health

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“…effects on HRV. A simple tool to monitor cardiovascular stress is the HRV assessment 12 – 15 , which is considered a non-invasive method to assess the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) 5 . Osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) has a positive effect on cardiovascular autonomic parameters 16 , 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cranial techniques on the heart rate variability response to psychological stress test in firefighter cadets

Wójcik

Siatkowski

2023

Sci Rep

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Heart rate variability (HRV) is a simple tool to monitor cardiovascular stress. The proper function of the cardiovascular system is a problem among firefighters. Physical activity has health benefits correlated with psychological stress. Physically active people should be more resilient to psychological stress, but this has not always been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine whether cranial techniques would have an effect on HRV parameters. Osteopathy in the cranium reduces stress and improves cardiovascular function. Fifty-seven firefighter cadets aged 18–24 years (21.63 ± 1.41) participated in the study. All subjects had their heart rate variability measured and were randomly assigned either to the cranial techniques (CS) group, with therapy performed once a week for 5 weeks), or to the control group (CO). After 5 weeks, heart rate variability was measured again in both groups. In the Friedman test, in the CS group there was a statistically significant effect of cranial techniques on Heart Rate (HR) and Low Frequency (LF), but not on High Frequency (HF); in the CO group, a statistically significant difference was observed for HR, HF and LF. In the Nemenyi test, in the CS group there was a statistically significant difference for HR and LF and in the CO group for HR, HF and LF. After applying hierarchical clustering with Euclidean measure and the complete method, dendrograms were drawn up showing similarities for HR, HF and LF values. The cranial techniques and touch might exert a beneficial effect on HRV. Both factors can be used in stressful situations to lower HRV.

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Reduced heart rate variability is related to fluctuations in psychological stress levels in daily life

Kim,

Foo,

Murata

et al. 2024

Stress and Health

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Laboratory‐based studies have shown that psychological stress caused by response to various stressors triggers acute changes in the cardiovascular system. A better understanding is needed of the emerging evidence on temporal associations between psychological stress and cardiovascular responses in natural settings. This study examined the association of psychological stress and heart rate variability (HRV) in daily life, at high resolution over 2 weeks, taking the effect of physical activity into account. Participants (n = 34) completed ecological momentary assessments (EMA) 6 times per day, reporting levels of perceived stress, low‐arousal negative affect (LNA), and high‐arousal negative affect. Chest‐mounted heart‐rate monitors were worn to assess HRV. Multilevel models were used to examine the association between psychological stress levels and preceding/subsequent HRV. Reduced time domain HRV measures (mean and standard deviation of R‐wave to R‐wave intervals) during the prior hour predicted higher levels of perceived stress. Frequency domain HRV measures higher low to high frequency (LF/HF) and lower HF to total power (HF nu) ratios during the preceding 10 min predicted higher perceived stress levels, suggesting the dominance of sympathetic nervous system activity. EMA reports of higher perceived stress levels were associated with reduced time domain HRV measures during the following 10 min. On the other hand, higher LNA were related to increased HRV measures, such as lower LF/HF and higher HF nu during the following hour. The dynamic associations observed may have therapeutic implications for ‘just‐in‐time’ interventions in the management of daily stress and cardiovascular health.

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Wearable-Measured Sleep and Resting Heart Rate Variability as an Outcome of and Predictor for Subjective Stress Measures: A Multiple N-of-1 Observational Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 73 publications

Predicting stress in first-year college students using sleep data from wearable devices

Predicting stress in first-year college students using sleep data from wearable devices

The effect of cranial techniques on the heart rate variability response to psychological stress test in firefighter cadets

Reduced heart rate variability is related to fluctuations in psychological stress levels in daily life

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