Wearable electrochemical sensors for monitoring performance athletes

Abstract

Nowadays, wearable sensors such as heart rate monitors and pedometers are in common use. The use of wearable systems such as these for personalized exercise regimes for health and rehabilitation is particularly interesting. In particular, the true potential of wearable chemical sensors, which for the real-time ambulatory monitoring of bodily fluids such as tears, sweat, urine and blood has not been realized. Here we present a brief introduction into the fields of ionogels and organic electrochemical transistors, and in particular, the concept of an OECT transistor incorporated into a sticking-plaster, along with a printable "ionogel" to provide a wearable biosensor platform.

A Real-Time Health Monitoring System for Remote Cardiac Patients Using Smartphone and Wearable Sensors

“…Existing studies with wearable sensors offer monitoring in applications like physiological, biochemical, and motion sensing [ 19 – 21 ]. These sensors have been used in monitoring health indicators and body positions of the patients, as well as in keeping track of sports and other activities [ 22 , 23 ]. These wearable sensors are becoming promising due to the fact that these sensors are low cost, easily available, user friendly, accurate, and reliable.…”

Recent Advances in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring

“…The ability to detect hormones, enzymes, or lipids would greatly assist in monitoring organ function, viral or bacterial infections, and metabolic disorders. Technologies which may open up new types of measurements in this area include ionogels and organic electrochemical transistors [43]. These approaches have yet to be integrated in fully functional devices deployed in the field, though there is an unmet need to be able to track biochemistry on a routine or continuous basis.…”

Progress of Wearable and Flexible Electrochemical Biosensors With the Aid of Conductive Nanomaterials

“…Even though there was a 0.5–2 h delay in detection by using body vapour, which encouraged researchers to switch to other methods of detection such as sweat ( Schazmann et al, 2010 ), saliva, tear ( Chu et al, 2011 ) and interstitial fluid ( Rebrin et al, 2010 ; Schazmann et al, 2010 ). Wearable chemical (electrochemical and biochemical) sensors can offer extensive molecular data in various sectors, including medical, sports, nutrition, fitness, and defence ( Fraser et al, 2011 ; Yang and Gao, 2019 ). The development of wearable electrochemical biosensors has accelerated in recent decades ( Bandodkar et al, 2015b ; Kim et al, 2017 ).…”