Wearable carbon nanotubes-based polymer electrodes for ambulatory electrocardiographic measurements

Liu, Benyan; Tang, Hongmei; Luo, Zhangyuan; Zhang, Wenzan; Tu, Quan; Jin, Xun

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2017.08.036

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore one of the most important parameters for electropotential sensors is contact resistance. Flexible resistive coupled electrodes were fabricated using Ag/AgCl conductive inks [542,543], Au [539,544,545], graphene [357], CNTs [540,546], AgNPs [546], and PEDOT:PSS [340,355,356,547]. Dry electrodes based on PDMS had a contact impedance of <4 kΩ and remained stable for 5 h [548].…”

Section: Resistively Coupled Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dry electrodes based on PDMS had a contact impedance of <4 kΩ and remained stable for 5 h [548]. A composite electrode was created by loading a PDMS substrate with CNTs and AgNPs [546]. It was shown that the contact impedance of the sensor decreased with the increase in the CNT content therefore, the signal quality increased.…”

Section: Resistively Coupled Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This combines the bendability of flexible electronics with the superior ECG signal amplification and monitoring offered by the rigid components. Ambulatorial facilitations in applying electrodes include the study of electrodes which do not require wet surfaces [537], the investigation of flexible sensor arrays that can be strapped on a limb with ease [340], elastomeric patches with wireless communicating capabilities and tattoos [313,539], and wearable solutions such as electrodes that can be integrated into textiles such as shirts (Figure 17b) [357,546]. Furthermore, ultrasonic flexible probes have been proposed for the realisation of stretchable, high-frequency and on-skin patches capable of detecting blood pressure and ECG simultaneously [560].…”

Section: Health Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Sensors—From Materials to Applications

et al. 2019

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Flexible sensors have the potential to be seamlessly applied to soft and irregularly shaped surfaces such as the human skin or textile fabrics. This benefits conformability dependant applications including smart tattoos, artificial skins and soft robotics. Consequently, materials and structures for innovative flexible sensors, as well as their integration into systems, continue to be in the spotlight of research. This review outlines the current state of flexible sensor technologies and the impact of material developments on this field. Special attention is given to strain, temperature, chemical, light and electropotential sensors, as well as their respective applications.

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Section: Resistively Coupled Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistively Coupled Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible Sensors—From Materials to Applications

et al. 2019

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“…To date, a variety of flexible dry electrodes have been prepared using different conductive materials like metals (yarns, nanowires, nanoparticles, etc. ), [ 1–4 ] conductive polymers, [ 5–8 ] carbon nanotubes, [ 9–11 ] and graphene. [ 12–16 ] Particularly, graphene electrodes, such as CVD‐grown graphene film, [ 16 ] porous graphene, [ 17,18 ] graphene oxides (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), [ 13,14 ] have attracted wide attentions and been used for ECG acquisition owing to their outstanding conductivity, chemical durability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Fabrication of Robust and Reusable PDMS Supported Graphene Dry Electrodes for Wearable Electrocardiogram Monitoring

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Graphene‐based epidermal dry electrodes have generated wide interests in electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring to screen cardiovascular diseases in time. Nevertheless, the poor stability, mechanical strength, and integration are significant obstacles hindering further product marketing of graphene electrodes in health care. Herein, robust, reusable, and patterned graphene‐based wearable dry electrodes are fabricated based on laser writing technology and supported by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers. After bending tests over 10 000 cycles and high‐power ultrasonic treatments (5 h), graphene/PDMS electrodes are demonstrated to have excellent stability and reusability for ECG recording. Taking the advantages of the designable and efficient CO2 laser production technique, a “staff‐shape” graphene electrode consisting of six chest‐lead electrodes and corresponding lead lines can be facilely customized and fabricated according to users’ somatotype to greatly simplify the acquisition procedure of 12‐lead ECG, realizing the acquisition of V1–V6 ECGs for all‐round cardiac monitoring. After thorough analysis of ECG patterns, the integrated chest electrode exhibits desirable sensitivity and reliability comparable to wet Ag/AgCl electrodes. The reusable graphene/PDMS electrodes are suitable for long‐term ECG monitoring and the integrated electrode presents a novel strategy to wearable 12‐ECG recording.

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“…Many studies have searched for alternatives to overcome the limitations of the currently developed textile sensors and, in particular, diverse conductive materials have been used, not being restricted to just one material type. 17–21 Electrically conductive nanomaterials can be usually classified into two categories: metallic and non-metallic materials. The synergistic effects of metallic and non-metallic nanomaterials are expected; thus, this study introduced electrical conductivity in textiles by using a mixture of carbon nanomaterials and metallic nanomaterials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane nanoweb-based textile sensors treated with single-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nanowire

Lee

Cho

2018

Textile Research Journal

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This paper outlines research on polyurethane (PU) nanowebs with enhanced electrical conductivity by applying single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with silver nanowire (AgNW) for use as a textile sensor. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to find out how electrical conductivity changed as the amount of SWCNT dispersion increased; (2) to investigate how electrical conductivity improved as the amount of AgNW dispersion increased; (3) to examine the effect of heat post-treatment and ethanol pre-treatment on the conductivity; and (4) to characterize the surface and chemical properties to verify whether the specimens were successfully treated with SWCNTs and AgNW. The PU nanoweb was treated with three different amounts of SWCNT dispersion by using the dip-coating method, and three different amounts of AgNW dispersion was mixed with SWCNT dispersion to increase electrical conductivity. The electrical resistance was analyzed by four-point probe equipment. The surface and chemical properties were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. As a result, the resistance decreased when the amount of SWCNT dispersion increased. However, the resistance increased as the amount of AgNW dispersion increased. After the heat and ethanol treatments, the resistance reduced rapidly so that specimens SA1-H, SA1-E, and SA1-HE had much lower resistance. The results of surface and chemical properties showed that the SWCNT and AgNW formed electrical networks, which might improve electrical properties. Also, it confirmed the presence of the SWCNT and AgNW, which meant that the conductive materials were successfully coated on the PU nanoweb.

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Wearable carbon nanotubes-based polymer electrodes for ambulatory electrocardiographic measurements

Cited by 48 publications

References 22 publications

Flexible Sensors—From Materials to Applications

Flexible Sensors—From Materials to Applications

Facile Fabrication of Robust and Reusable PDMS Supported Graphene Dry Electrodes for Wearable Electrocardiogram Monitoring

Polyurethane nanoweb-based textile sensors treated with single-walled carbon nanotubes and silver nanowire

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