Wearable and Flexible Textile Electrodes for Biopotential Signal Monitoring: A review

Acar, Gizem; Öztürk, Özberk; Golparvar, Ata; ElBoshra, Tamador; Böhringer, K. F.; Yapıcı, Murat Kaya

doi:10.3390/electronics8050479

Cited by 220 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…With skin electrodes, the measurement volume can be just under the epidermis [ 37 ]. Another type of device is to use electromagnetic patches to measure the intracranial fluid-volume shift [ 38 ].…”

Section: Surface Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vivo Microsystems: A Review

French

2020

Sensors

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In-vivo sensors yield valuable medical information by measuring directly on the living tissue of a patient. These devices can be surface or implant devices. Electrical activity in the body, from organs or muscles can be measured using surface electrodes. For short term internal devices, catheters are used. These include cardiac catheter (in blood vessels) and bladder catheters. Due to the size and shape of the catheters, silicon devices provided an excellent solution for sensors. Since many cardiac catheters are disposable, the high volume has led to lower prices of the silicon sensors. Many catheters use a single sensor, but silicon offers the opportunity to have multi sensors in a single catheter, while maintaining small size. The cardiac catheter is usually inserted for a maximum of 72 h. Some devices may be used for a short-to-medium period to monitor parameters after an operation or injury (1–4 weeks). Increasingly, sensing, and actuating, devices are being applied to longer term implants for monitoring a range of parameters for chronic conditions. Devices for longer term implantation presented additional challenges due to the harshness of the environment and the stricter regulations for biocompatibility and safety. This paper will examine the three main areas of application for in-vivo devices: surface devices and short/medium-term and long-term implants. The issues of biocompatibility and safety will be discussed.

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Section: Surface Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Vivo Microsystems: A Review

French

2020

Sensors

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“…E-textile fibers have now been recognized as one of the important materials in the wearable technology field. More and more new e-textile fibers have been actively developed and applied in wearable devices [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Especially, as the convergence of fibers and IT technology has accelerated, many studies on electronic textile [7][8][9][10] and smart fibers [11][12][13] have been proposed, and a variety of products have been released [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Layer Pressure Textile Sensors with Woven Conductive Yarn Circuit

Kim

2020

Applied Sciences

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Today, e-textiles have become a fundamental trend in wearable devices. Fabric pressure sensors, as a part of e-textiles, have also received much interest from many researchers all over the world. However, most of the pressure sensors are made of electronic fibers and composed of many layers, including an intermediate layer for sensing the pressure. This paper proposes the model of a single layer pressure sensor with electrodes and conductive fibers intertwined. The plan dimensions of the fabricated sensors are 14 x 14 mm, and the thickness is 0.4 mm. The whole area of the sensor is the pressure-sensitive point. As expected, results demonstrate an electrical resistance change from 283 Ω at the unload pressure to 158 Ω at the load pressure. Besides, sensors have a fast response time (50 ms) and small hysteresis (5.5%). The hysteresis will increase according to the pressure and loading distance, but the change of sensor loading distance is very small. Moreover, the single-layer pressure sensors also show high durability under many working cycles (20,000 cycles) or washing times (50 times). The single-layer pressure sensor is very thin and more flexible than the multi-layer pressure sensor. The structure of this sensor is also expected to bring great benefits to wearable technology in the future.

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“…However, wet electrodes may cause skin irritation and allergic contact dermatitis [2][3][4], which leads to the difficulty for long-term bioelectricity acquisition. Therefore, capacitive electrodes are often used in wearable bioelectrical acquisition equipment [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Sun et al defined the capacitive electrode as three types, dry electrodes, insulated electrodes, and non-contact electrodes [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-contact electrodes can measure surface potential through the clothes or other dielectrics, which can overcome the limitation of traditional wet electrode. To acquire high quality bioelectric signals by non-contact electrodes, various studies are carried out, involving electrode design and the front-end design [1][2][3]5,6,11]. It is pointed out that non-contact electrodes are very susceptible to power line common mode interference (CMI) due to the high impedance of electrodes [13][14][15], and larger CMI will cause lower signal to noise ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Interference Suppression Method for Non-Contact Bioelectric Acquisition

et al. 2020

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For non-contact bioelectrical acquisition, a new interference suppression method, named ‘noise neutralization method’, is proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional capacitive driven-right-leg method, the proposed method is characterized with that there is an optimal gain to achieve the minimum interference output whatever for the electrode interface impedance mismatch caused by body motion and is more effective for smaller reference electrode areas. The performance of traditional capacitive driven-right-leg method is analyzed and the difficulty to suppress interference in the case of the interface impedance mismatch is pointed out. Therefore, a noise neutralization method is proposed by applying the reference electrode and a 50 Hz band-pass filter to obtain the interference of the human body and adapting the gains to neutralize the interference inputs of two acquisition electrodes and achieve the minimum interference output. The performance of the proposed method is theoretically analyzed and verified by the experiment results, which shows that the proposed method has similar performance to that of the traditional capacitive driven-right-leg method with electrode interface impedance match, while has better interference suppression ability with electrode interface impedance mismatch caused by body motion. It is suggested that the proposed method can be preferred in the case of limited reference electrode area or interface impedance mismatch.

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Wearable and Flexible Textile Electrodes for Biopotential Signal Monitoring: A review

Cited by 220 publications

References 148 publications

In-Vivo Microsystems: A Review

In-Vivo Microsystems: A Review

Single-Layer Pressure Textile Sensors with Woven Conductive Yarn Circuit

An Interference Suppression Method for Non-Contact Bioelectric Acquisition

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