Wear Tolerance, Shoot Performance, and Spectral Reflectance of Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass

Trenholm, Laurie E.; Duncan, R. R.; Carrow, Robert N.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1999.0011183x003900040033x

Cited by 60 publications

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“…Shoot tissue injury (STI) was defined as the percentage of leaves injured or killed due to wear treatment. This was determined by visual ratings at 2, 4, 7, and 14 d after treatment (DAT) (Trenholm et al, 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, some ecotypes maintain high quality and growth levels with minimal N inputs (Beard et al, 1982, 1991b; Duble, 1989) and tolerate close (<13‐mm) mowing heights (Beard et al, 1991a, 1991b). Quality and density ratings of selected ecotypes growing on a native clay soil have been shown to be equal or superior to ‘Tifway’ and ‘TifSport’ (Trenholm et al, 1999). In addition, the grass is well suited to a wide range of soil conditions and pH levels (4.0–9.8) and tolerates both low and high temperature extremes (Duncan, 1999) similar to the hybrid bermudagrasses.…”

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Mechanisms of Wear Tolerance in Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass

2000

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tween species. Warm-season turfgrass is typically more wear tolerant than cool-season turf (Youngner, 1961; Traffic causes shoot injury to turfgrass, with resulting inhibition Beard, 1973). Cultural practices, such as increased mowof growth and reduction of quality. Turfgrasses in high traffic venues are generally selected for tolerance to traffic or for an ability to ing height (Beard, 1973; Youngner, 1961), moderate N quickly outgrow the injury. However, limited knowledge exists on fertilization levels (Kohlmeier and Eggens, 1983), and the mechanisms that impart wear tolerance to turfgrass, particularly a thatch layer (Beard, 1973) can also influence wear tolfor warm-season grasses. This field research was undertaken to assess erance. overall wear tolerance within and between seashore paspalum (Pas-While some research has looked at wear tolerance at palum vaginatum Swartz.) ecotypes and bermudagrass hybrids (Cynothe intra-specific level (Beard, 1973), the data are very don dactylon L. ϫ C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) and to determine limited as to the degree of severity in wear tolerance the mechanisms that contribute to wear tolerance for both species.within a species, and the specific mechanisms responsi-The research was conducted in two consecutive field trials during 1997 ble for enhanced wear tolerance. Anatomical, morphoon seven seashore paspalum ecotypes and three hybrid bermudagrass logical, or physiological plant characteristics correlating cultivars established on a native Appling (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) soil at the University of Georgia Experiment with wear tolerance across species may not be the same Station in Griffin, GA. Regression analysis determined that the most within a particular species. important potential mechanism related to enhanced wear tolerance Shearman and Beard (1975a) evaluated interspecies of seashore paspalum was reduced leaf total cell wall (TCW) content, wear tolerance with four measurements: visual ratings, which accounted for 51% of the variation. Other factors that enhanced percentage TCW content, percentage verdure, and perwear tolerance in this species were low leaf strength, low stem TCW, centage chlorophyll per unit area. They found that visual greater leaf moisture, greater shoot density, and higher K shoot tissue wear estimates were well correlated (r ϭ Ϫ0.98) with concentration. In bermudagrass, high stem moisture (40.9% of variaquantitative evaluations when evaluating wear tolertion) and reduced stem cellulose content (31.5% of variation) were ance between species. Canaway (1981) determined that associated with better wear tolerance. Other factors that enhanced percentage of ground cover remaining after wear was wear tolerance were greater stem and leaf moisture, shoot density, leaf lignin, stem and leaf lignocellulose, and concentration of K, Mn, negatively correlated with modified acid detergent fiber and Mg. Knowledge of these characteristics will assist in developing per unit area. screening protocols for selection of future wear toleran...

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Mechanisms of Wear Tolerance in Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass

2000

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“…SeaIsle 2000 was selected as a mutation derived from the parental cultivar Adalayd (Duncan, ) and was specifically developed for high salt tolerance. Although these genotypes differ in salt tolerance, the level of tolerance to diseases and other abiotic stresses, including drought, shade, wear, and cold stress, are comparable between them (Cyril, Powell, Duncan, & Baird, ; Huang, Duncan, & Carrow, , ; Jiang, Duncan, & Carrow, ; Trenholm, Duncan, & Carrow, ). The characterisation of both choline‐regulated and genotypic variations in salt tolerance in this halophytic grass species can provide further insights into regulatory mechanisms involving GB and lipid metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up‐regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline‐induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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Choline may affect salt tolerance by regulating lipid and glycine betaine (GB) metabolism. This study was conducted to determine whether alteration of lipid profiles and GB metabolism may contribute to choline regulation and genotypic variations in salt tolerance in a halophytic grass, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum). Plants of Adalayd and Sea Isle 2000 were subjected to salt stress (200‐mM NaCl) with or without foliar application of choline chloride (1 mM). Genotypic variations in salt tolerance and promotive effects of choline application on salt tolerance were associated with both the up‐regulation of lipid metabolism and GB synthesis. The genotypic variations in salt tolerance associated with lipid metabolism were reflected by the differential accumulation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine between Adalayd and Sea Isle 2000. Choline‐induced salt tolerance was associated with of the increase in digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) content including DGDG (36:4 and 36:6) in both cultivars of seashore paspalum and enhanced synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (34:2, 36:5, and 36:2) and phosphatidic acid (34:2, 34:1, and 36:5), as well as increases in the ratio of digalactosyl diacylglycerol: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG:MGDG) in salt‐tolerant Sea Isle 2000. Choline regulation of salt tolerance may be due to the alteration in lipid metabolism in this halophytic grass species.

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“…Seashore paspalum has high tolerances to salt, drought, and low soil pH (6, 10). Seashore paspalum cultivars, such as ‘Sea Isle 1’, have dark green color, fine leaf texture, and can be planted for golf greens, tees, fairways, and roughs (6, 10, 23, 24). Despite these desirable qualities for management, practitioners have limited postemergence (POST) herbicides available for controlling annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.) in seashore paspalum due to turf injury following applications (12, 25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Flazasulfuron Tank Mixtures with Amicarbazone for Annual Bluegrass Control in Seashore Paspalum

Johnston

McCullough

2014

Applied Turfgrass Science

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Flazasulfuron may be safely applied to actively growing seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.), but applications for annual bluegrass control in late winter or spring could be injurious. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to evaluate tank mixtures of flazasulfuron with amicarbazone at turf dormancy or partial greenup to determine if combinations could enhance annual bluegrass control and mitigate seashore paspalum injury compared to exclusive treatments. Single applications of flazasulfuron at 26 g a.i. ha−1 at both timings provided good (80 to 89%) to excellent (>90%) control of annual bluegrass in 2 of 3 years, while sequential applications provided ≥86% control at both timings in all 3 years. Tank mixtures of flazasulfuron at 26 g ha−1 plus amicarbazone at 196 g ha−1 significantly improved annual bluegrass control from flazasulfuron alone at 26 g ha−1 at both timings in 2 of 3 years. Amicarbazone tank mixtures did not improve annual bluegrass control from flazasulfuron at 52 g ha−1 alone at either timing. Late winter applications of amicarbazone at 196 g ha−1 alone provided poor annual bluegrass control (<70%) in 2 of 3 years while applications at turf greenup provided ≥88% control in all 3 years. Pronamide provided fair control (70 to 78%) and excellent control (≥90%) of annual bluegrass in 2 of 3 years when applied at dormancy or at greenup, respectively. All flazasulfuron treatments caused 36 to 54% injury when applied at greenup but single applications at dormancy caused 13 to 29% injury. Amicarbazone and pronamide alone never injured seashore paspalum greater than 17% at both application timings and treatments at greenup provided the best combinations of annual bluegrass control and turf tolerance.

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Wear Tolerance, Shoot Performance, and Spectral Reflectance of Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanisms of Wear Tolerance in Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass

Mechanisms of Wear Tolerance in Seashore Paspalum and Bermudagrass

Up‐regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline‐induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum

Flazasulfuron Tank Mixtures with Amicarbazone for Annual Bluegrass Control in Seashore Paspalum

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