Wear properties of niobium carbide coatings performed by pack method on AISI 1040 steel

Şen, Uğur

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2005.01.008

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The hardness of the niobium carbide layer and the matrix of AISI 52100 balls were 2095 ± 310 HV 0.025 and 358 ± 41 HV 0.025 respectively. These results are in good agreement with other works [1,7,17,18]. The roughness of the AISI 52100 steel balls were measured using a confocal microscopy technique, and the values were Sa = 1.20 µm and Sa = 2.42 µm for the hardened and niobium carbide coated balls, respectively (Figure 3).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wear resistance of NbC layers has previously been investigated in a number of steel substrates: AISI 1040 [17,18], AISI D2 [3], AISI H13 [3,15] and AISI M2 [15]. Niobium carbide layers have proved to be an efficient coating for improvement of the wear resistance of steel substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Niobium carbide layers have proved to be an efficient coating for improvement of the wear resistance of steel substrates. For example, it was found that the niobium carbide layer improved the wear resistance of AISI 1040 steel by up to 1000-fold [18]. The niobium carbide layer on AISI H13 hot work tool steel demonstrated intermediate wear behavior between a VC coating and a boride coating [3] and better wear resistance than ion nitrided AISI H13 [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be due to the increasing temperature of the wear scar, which causes greater oxidation [17]. When niobium carbide coating was formed over AISI 1040 flat end pins sliding against AISI D2 steel discs, the friction coefficient decreased with increasing sliding speed for sliding speed in the range of 0.5-5 m/s [18].The variation in specific wear rate for niobium carbide coated and hardened AISI 52100 steel balls is illustrated in Figure 5. It is clear from this figure that niobium carbide coated balls presented higher wear resistance than hardened balls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Sliding Wear Behavior of Niobium Carbide Coated Aisi 52100 Bearing Steel

Krellin¹,

Milan²,

Costa³

et al. 2017

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sliding wear behavior of niobium carbide coated AISI 52100 bearing steel balls against AISI 1045 quenched steel discs was investigated. Thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) treatment was carried out at 1000 °C for 4 hours by pack cementation method. NbC phase with 11 µm in thickness was identified by SEM microscopy and XRD technique. Ball-on-disc wear tests were carried out without lubrication under 2 and 10N load at sliding speeds of 0.1 and 0.3 m/s. A 300% increase in sliding speed resulted in 24% and 27%, increasing in friction coefficient of niobium carbide coated AISI 52100 steel balls for 2N and 10N. Wear resistance of AISI 52100 steel was improved up to 78 times after TRD treatment depending on applied load and sliding velocity. Wear mechanisms are adhesive-oxidative for hardened balls and abrasive-oxidative for coated balls against hardened AISI 1045 steel discs. Keywords: Sliding wear; Steel; Niobium carbide coating; Friction. INTRODUCTIONThermo-reactive deposition/diffusion (TRD) treatment is a method for surface coating steels with a hard and wear-resistant layer of carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides [1] or borides [2] by the diffusion of carbon, nitrogen or boron in the steel substrate into a deposited layer of the carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming element.The TRD treatment can be performed using salt baths [3,4], fluidized beds [5,6] or pack cementation [7][8][9][10][11][12] at high temperatures (850-1050 °C) with treatment times of 0.5-10 hours, resulting in a layer of depth 5-15 µm.Pack cementation TRD powder usually consists of a metallic element (carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming); one inert filler that does not take part in the formation reactions of the layers, usually Al 2 O 3 or SiC; and an activator, for example NH 4 Cl that, when dissociated, chemically binds with the carbide-, nitride-or boride-forming element to form chlorides that will then react with the substrate to generate, for example, carbide layers [12,13].Niobium carbide can be used in high-temperature environments because it has a high melting point (3873 °C) The aims of this work are to produce a wear resistant coating of niobium carbide on AISI 52100 steel balls using the pack cementation method and evaluate its tribological behavior. AISI 52100 steel can be used in tools for cold work dies, cold extrusion tools, bearings, etc. Increasing the quality of the tools is only about 5% of its cost and its preparation time, making it feasible to consider any surface treatment as an investment [19]. Ball-on-disc wear tests were conducted according to ASTM G99-05 standard at sliding speeds of 0.1 and 0.3m/s and under loads of 2 and 10N. was carried out in an electrical resistance furnace under an argon atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. The hardened AISI 52100 steel balls were also analyzed. AISI 1045 steel discs, 6 mm in thickness, were cut from a bar of diameter 25.4 mm. The steel discs were sanded with silicon carbide abrasive paper up to 600 grit and polished with 1 µm alumina suspension. The AISI 1045 plain carbon steel ...

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Sliding Wear Behavior of Niobium Carbide Coated Aisi 52100 Bearing Steel

Krellin¹,

Milan²,

Costa³

et al. 2017

Tecnol. Metal. Mater. Min.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Growth Kinetics of In Situ Preparation of Dense TiC Ceramic Layer‐Reinforced Gray Cast Iron Matrix Surface Composites

Fan

Zhong

et al. 2015

Adv Eng Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report the in situ synthesis of a dense TiC ceramic layer between a titanium plate and graphite flakes in gray cast iron using heat treatment. The phases of the dense ceramic layer were determined by XRD, and the microstructures of the layer were characterized by SEM. The kinetics of the layer were also analyzed. The particle sizes of the as-prepared TiC samples varied from 1 mm to 10 mm. The thicknesses (d) of the layers, which increased gradually with incubation time, were 46, 65, 80, 96, and 110 mm after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h of incubation at 1433 K, respectively. The formation of the dense layer involves diffusion, an in situ reaction, and the diffusion of C, Ti, and TiC atoms. The d of the layer changed parabolically with time, and the relationships between d, T, and t were determined.

show abstract

Production of Niobium Carbide Layers on High‐Strength Bainitic Steels by Thermochemical Treatment of Thermoreactive Diffusion Followed by Austempering

Oliveira

Triani

Filho

et al. 2021

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High-strength bainitic steels obtained by the low-temperature austempering heat treatment belong to the third generation of advanced high-strength steels. These materials were developed through innovative heat treatments of low-alloy steels to meet demands of the automotive industry, such as increased resistance-to-weight ratio. [1] Steels obtained by low-temperature austempering, at just above the martensite start (M s ) temperature, are characterized by the presence of carbide-free bainite (CFB). Silicon contents around 1.2À1.5 wt% are normally used to suppress cementite formation, enriching the austenite in carbon, which becomes metastable at room temperature, allowing the transformationinduced plasticity (TRIP) effect. [2,3] It is important to highlight the effect of molybdenum and manganese, used to increase hardenability, and the addition of niobium to refine the austenitic grain and increase bainitic transformation rates. [4,5] Regarding the microstructural characteristics of high-silicon bainitic steels, the presence of granular and plate bainite favors high combinations of strength and toughness, making them attractive for applications in the railway sector [6,7] and in the manufacturing of precision gears, providing stress and distortion-free parts as no quench is used. [8,9] Therefore, surface hardening techniques are of great technological interest to increase component lifespan and decrease maintenance time. Studies show the efficiency of techniques such as shot peening, nitriding, and boriding thermochemical treatments for this purpose. [9][10][11][12] Another promising alternative is thermoreactive diffusion (TRD) treatment, which, as in the boriding treatment, can be directly incorporated into the austempering process without the need for a new heating step, as used, for example, in the case of tempering after quenching for saving time and energy. TRD in conjunction with the austempering treatment has already been successfully applied to vermicular and ductile cast iron, where, after removal from the TRD bath, samples were directly cooled and held at 300 C in the austempering salt bath. [13] The TRD process involves the production of hard and highly resistant carbide layers in ferrous alloys. This treatment utilizes a

show abstract

Wear properties of niobium carbide coatings performed by pack method on AISI 1040 steel

Cited by 49 publications

References 19 publications

Sliding Wear Behavior of Niobium Carbide Coated Aisi 52100 Bearing Steel

Sliding Wear Behavior of Niobium Carbide Coated Aisi 52100 Bearing Steel

Growth Kinetics of In Situ Preparation of Dense TiC Ceramic Layer‐Reinforced Gray Cast Iron Matrix Surface Composites

Production of Niobium Carbide Layers on High‐Strength Bainitic Steels by Thermochemical Treatment of Thermoreactive Diffusion Followed by Austempering

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About