Wear Properties of Intermetallic Compound Reinforced Functionally Graded Materials Fabricated by Centrifugal Solid-particle and In-Situ Methods

Abstract

One of the functionally graded material (FGM) fabrication methods is a centrifugal method, which is an application of the centrifugal casting technique. The centrifugal force applied to a homogeneous molten composite assists the formation of the desired gradation. In this paper, the wear properties of two kinds of Al base FGMs, namely Al-Al 3 Ti FGM and Al-Al 3 Ni FGM, are reported. The former and the latter hold the oriented intermetallic compound platelets and the particle size gradient, respectively. Here, volume fraction, size, shape and orientation of the reinforcements in the composite play an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the materials, whereby FGMs with oriented platelets or particle size gradient may have special mechanical properties such as increased wear resistance. Based on the experimental results, the origin of anisotropic wear resistance and the effect of particle size on the wear properties are discussed.

Review Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials under a Centrifugal Force

“…Specimen tested along the Al 3 Ti platelets thickness direction shows the smallest wear resistance among the three orientations due to the ease with which the Al 3 Ti platelets broke. Although the data is not presented here, a greater anisotropy in wear resistance was found for specimens with larger orientation parameters (Watanabe et al, 2008). (Watanabe et al, 2008).…”

“…Although the data is not presented here, a greater anisotropy in wear resistance was found for specimens with larger orientation parameters (Watanabe et al, 2008). (Watanabe et al, 2008).…”

“…The anisotropic wear resistances in the Al/Al 3 Ti FGMs were measured in three directions, namely along the longitudinal direction on outer surface of the ring (A), along the radial direction on the radial plane (B), and along the hoop direction on the radial plane (C), and results are shown in Fig. 10 ( Watanabe et al, 2008). The result for a pure Al specimen made by the same process is also shown in the figure for comparison.…”

3-Dimensional Microstructural Evaluation of Wear-Induced Layer in Al–Al₃Ti Functionally Graded Materials by Serial Sectioning

“…10,11) Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of the AlAl 3 Ti FGMs ring, where the directions labeled WA, WB and WC indicate the sliding directions of the wear tests performed in previous studies. 6,8) When the outer surface of the AlAl 3 Ti FGMs ring was worn in the WA sliding direction with an S45C plate, a wearinduced layer with 100 µm in thickness was generated just below the worn surface for a sliding distance of 100 m and an initial applied stress of 0.5 MPa. 3,6) The wear-induced layer consisted of fine fibrous Al 3 Ti particles and a nanocrystalline solid solution matrix containing a partly amorphized phase because of the heavy fragmentation of the Al 3 Ti platelet particles.…”

“…1. 6,8) The wear tests were performed using a block-on-disk wear testing machine for the WA, WB and WC sliding directions. The wear resistance for the WB sliding direction was the highest, meaning that the wear resistance of the AlAl 3 Ti FGMs is anisotropic.…”