Wear performance and wear debris of semimetallic automotive brake materials

Kukutschová, Jana; Roubíček, Václav; Mašláň, M.; Jančík, Dalibor; Slovák, Václav; Malachová, Kateřina; Pavlíčková, Zuzana; Filip, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2009.06.039

Cited by 84 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous studies in which differences in the composition of brake pads have been reported between different types (e.g. NAO vs low-metallic) (Sanders et al, 2003) and between countries (Kukutschova et al, 2010;Hulskotte et al, 2014). However, it is important that only one sample was analysed per city, and may not be representative of the range of brake pads in use.…”

Section: Brake Pad and Tyre Compositionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Typical methods for characterization of RD and non-exhaust emissions include use of a brake dynamometer (Garg et al, 2000), rolling resistance testing machine (Rogge et al, 1993), rotating drum method (Camatani et al, 2001), sweep/vacuum collection of particles followed by sieving or resuspension (Duong and Lee, 2011;Martuzevicius et al, 2011) and use of a specific RD sampler (Amato et al, 2009). Several researchers have analysed the chemical composition of brake components (Rogge et al, 1993;Garg et al, 2000;Kukutschova et al, 2010Kukutschova et al, , 2011Hulskotte et al, 2014) and tyres (Camatani et al, 2001;Adachi and Tainosho, 2004;Councell et al, 2004;Milani et al, 2004;Aatmeeyata and Sharma, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The PM 10 fraction of road dust in the UK and India: Characterization, source profiles and oxidative potential

Pant

Baker

Shukla

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

111

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Most studies of road dust composition have sampled a very wide range of particle sizes, but from the perspective of respiratory exposure to resuspended dusts, it is the PM10 fraction which is of most importance. The PM10 fraction of road dust samples was collected at two sites in Birmingham, UK (major highway and road tunnel) and one site in New Delhi, India. Dust loadings were found to be much higher for New Delhi compared to Birmingham, while concentrations of several species were much higher in the case of Birmingham. Detailed chemical source profiles were prepared for both cities and previously generated empirical factors for source attribution to brake wear, tyre wear, and crustal dust were successfully applied to the UK sites. However, 100% of the mass for the Indian site could not be accounted for using these factors. This study highlights the need for generation of local empirical estimation factors for non-exhaust vehicle emissions. A limited number of bulk road dust and brake pad samples were also characterized. Oxidative potential (OP) was also determined for a limited number of PM10 and bulk road dust samples, and Cu was found to be a factor significantly associated with OP in PM10 and bulk road dust.

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Section: Brake Pad and Tyre Compositionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The PM 10 fraction of road dust in the UK and India: Characterization, source profiles and oxidative potential

Pant

Baker

Shukla

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Contrary to [70], it was observed that Fe 3 O 4 is the matrix which contains C inclusions. Differences of pad formulations mirrored in differences of composition of nanoparticle-agglomerates.…”

Section: Tga Ms Semmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Theoretically, all ingredients of the pad formulation or their chemical reaction products should be homogeneously mixed on the nanometer scale, provided the original ingredients are prone to nanostructure formation by mechanical processes like severe shear deformation or impact during particle collisions. The latter can be checked by ball milling experiments, as proved by several papers [70,[79][80][81]. A special mechanism of nanostructure formation is tribooxidation of the cast iron disc providing the major constituent of the third body.…”

Section: Tga Ms Semmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Role of Solid Lubricants for Brake Friction Materials

Österle

Дмитриев

2016

Lubricants

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This review article comprises of three parts. Firstly, reports of brake manufacturers on the beneficial impact of solid lubricants for pad formulations are surveyed. Secondly, since tribofilms were identified to play a crucial role in friction stabilization and wear reduction, the knowledge about tribofilm structures formed during automotive braking was reviewed comprehensively. Finally, a model for simulating the sliding behavior of tribofilms is suggested and a review on modelling efforts with different model structures related to real tribofilms will be presented. Although the variety of friction composites involved in commercial brake systems is very broad, striking similarities were observed in respect to tribofilm nanostructures. Thus, a generalization of the tribofilm nanostructure is suggested and prerequisites for smooth sliding performance and minimal wear rates have been identified. A minimum of 13 vol % of soft inclusions embedded in an iron oxide based tribofilm is crucial for obtaining the desired properties. As long as the solid lubricants or their reaction products are softer than magnetite, the main constituent of the tribofilm, the model predicts smooth sliding and minimum wear.

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“…Airborne wear particles from automotive disc brakes have been studied in test stands at the model level [2][3][4][5] and component level. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The present results indicate that 50-70% of the wear material becomes airborne and that the particles emitted are in all size ranges, from ultrafine to coarse. Gasser et al 17 concluded that metals (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A field study of airborne particle emissions from automotive disc brakes

Wahlström

Olofsson

2014

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Airborne particle emissions from automotive disc brakes, one of the main sources of urban particulate matter, adversely affect health. Field measurement of brake particles is complicated, as various particle sources (such as tailpipe emissions, resuspended road dust and tyre wear) can interfere. Brake particles are usually measured on dyno benches or in modelscale tests in controlled environments. Such test results need confirmation in the field, where air flow around disc brakes differs completely. Few field studies focusing on disc brake particles have been reported in the literature. The objective of this work is to investigate further the possibility of measuring brake particles in the field using particle instruments mounted on a car. A car was instrumented with two GRIMM 1.109 aerosol spectrometers and two TSI DustTrak 8520 aerosol monitors. One GRIMM spectrometer and one TSI DustTrak monitor recorded data near the brake, and the other GRIMM spectrometer and the other TSI DustTrak monitor recorded data at the front of the car during five field tests in outer Stockholm. The results suggest that braking directly correlates with increased particle concentrations measured near the brake. The reported test stand results correlate with the field-measured number distributions.

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Wear performance and wear debris of semimetallic automotive brake materials

Cited by 84 publications

References 14 publications

The PM 10 fraction of road dust in the UK and India: Characterization, source profiles and oxidative potential

The PM 10 fraction of road dust in the UK and India: Characterization, source profiles and oxidative potential

The Role of Solid Lubricants for Brake Friction Materials

A field study of airborne particle emissions from automotive disc brakes

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