“…The TiCN coating structure is described in sources [30,31]. Hard PVD coatings are widely used in various industrial sectors, including to reduce tool wear [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], but the effect of tannic acids on these coatings has not yet been investigated.…”
Corrosion and friction coefficient tests were performed on solid oak wood machined with hard-metal woodworking tools coated with PVD coatings (AlCrN, AlTiN, TiAlN, TiCN and CrN). The tannic acid attacks the carbide more intensively than the PVD coatings. During cutting, corrosion spreads on the cutting edge of the cutter due to mechanical action, which dissolves the cobalt binder of the hard-metal and causes the carbide grains to flake off. After 80 min of contact with the wood, the cobalt content decreases from 3.53 to 1.74%. Depending on the PVD coating material, cracks of 4 to 40 µm in width appear after 120 min (9000 m cutting path). After 120 min of machining, wear, corrosion effects and the influence of corrosion on the coefficients of friction were evaluated for tools with and without PVD coatings. TiCN is the most sensitive to corrosion, while AlCrN and CrN coatings are the least sensitive, with the AlTiN coating being the most affected under real cutting conditions (with mechanical + thermal + corrosion effects) and the tools with CrN and AlCrN coatings being the least affected. Corrosion affects the hard-metal and PVD coatings and reduces the coefficient of friction. The angle between the directions of sliding and sharpening of the cutting edge sharpening significantly influences this parameter. The coefficient of friction of hard-metal WC-Co and PVD coatings is higher in the parallel machining direction than in the perpendicular machining direction and ranges from 16.03% (WC-Co) to 44.8% (AlTiN). The coefficient of friction of hard-metal WC-Co decreases by 5.13% before and after exposure to tannic acid, while the corrosion of PVD coatings reduces it by 4.13% (CrN) to 26.7% (TiAlN).
“…The TiCN coating structure is described in sources [30,31]. Hard PVD coatings are widely used in various industrial sectors, including to reduce tool wear [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], but the effect of tannic acids on these coatings has not yet been investigated.…”
Corrosion and friction coefficient tests were performed on solid oak wood machined with hard-metal woodworking tools coated with PVD coatings (AlCrN, AlTiN, TiAlN, TiCN and CrN). The tannic acid attacks the carbide more intensively than the PVD coatings. During cutting, corrosion spreads on the cutting edge of the cutter due to mechanical action, which dissolves the cobalt binder of the hard-metal and causes the carbide grains to flake off. After 80 min of contact with the wood, the cobalt content decreases from 3.53 to 1.74%. Depending on the PVD coating material, cracks of 4 to 40 µm in width appear after 120 min (9000 m cutting path). After 120 min of machining, wear, corrosion effects and the influence of corrosion on the coefficients of friction were evaluated for tools with and without PVD coatings. TiCN is the most sensitive to corrosion, while AlCrN and CrN coatings are the least sensitive, with the AlTiN coating being the most affected under real cutting conditions (with mechanical + thermal + corrosion effects) and the tools with CrN and AlCrN coatings being the least affected. Corrosion affects the hard-metal and PVD coatings and reduces the coefficient of friction. The angle between the directions of sliding and sharpening of the cutting edge sharpening significantly influences this parameter. The coefficient of friction of hard-metal WC-Co and PVD coatings is higher in the parallel machining direction than in the perpendicular machining direction and ranges from 16.03% (WC-Co) to 44.8% (AlTiN). The coefficient of friction of hard-metal WC-Co decreases by 5.13% before and after exposure to tannic acid, while the corrosion of PVD coatings reduces it by 4.13% (CrN) to 26.7% (TiAlN).
“…New and sharp three tungsten carbide straight end mills (two flutes) were used (Figure 2) in cutting operations in order not to be affected by tool wear [25,26]. Figure 2 Illustration of endmill and workpiece in CNC machining.…”
This study aims to determine the optimal CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining conditions using an artificial neural network. For this purpose, Fagus orientalis, Castanea sativa, Pinus sylvestris, and Picea orientalis wood samples at 8%, 12%, and 15% moisture content (MC) were machined on a CNC router in both across and along the grain directions. Based on the experimental data of surface roughness and cutting power analyses, a total of 16 models were used. These were selected in hundreds of models that have the lowest error. The spindle speed, feed rate, and the number of cutter teeth were chosen to be different with the literature based on the length of cutter mark. As a result, optimum machining parameters were determined for each wood MC.
“…Therefore pressure on the cutting edge, rake face and clearance face is reduced and this causes smaller abrasive wear and lower temperatures in the cutting area. As the result the wear of tools is smaller [22,30].…”
Section: Impact Of Cutting Speed On Wearmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…These covers are formed on the tool or specifically prepared blades using the methods of physical (PVD), chemical (CVD) precipitation from vapour phase. The monolayer and multi-layer coatings are used [11,30,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The multi-layer coatings may be of different thicknesses and they are formed using the substances of different chemical composition.…”
Section: Increase Of Durability Of Tool Materials Using the Cvd And Pmentioning
Summary: the article reviews wood as a constructional material -its chemical composition and mechanical properties. The materials of woodworking tools and their properties are reviewed. The wood milling process is described. The mechanisms of wear of blades of wood cutting tools are overviewed in wide scope. Besides, the methods, how to increase resistance of tool materials to wear, are described.
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