Wear monitoring based on the analysis of lubricant contamination by optical ferroanalyzer

Мышкин, Н. К.; Маркова, Л. В.; Semenyuk, M. S.; Kong, Hosung; Han, Hyemi; Yoon, En Sup

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(03)00175-3

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…According to Eq. [8], relatively small wear particle deposition corresponds with the combinations of high magnetic flux density and low oil flow rate, and relatively large particle deposition corresponds with the combinations of low magnetic flux density and high oil flow rate.…”

Section: Fig 5-typical Wear Debris Images With Various Light Conditimentioning

confidence: 97%

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A New On-Line Visual Ferrograph

Mao

Wang

et al. 2009

Tribology Transactions

103

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An on-line visual ferrograph (OLVF) characterized by direct reading and on-line analysis was developed based on magnetic deposition and image analysis. A digital sensor was integrated with a CMOS image sensor to obtain images of deposited wear debris under illumination conditions. An electromagnetic instrument was designed to deposit the wear debris flowing through an oil flow channel. The oil flow channel, fixed on the electromagnet, was arranged parallel to the magnetic flux in the air gap between two electromagnet poles. The deposition effect on wear debris was analyzed theoretically. The result shows that the wear debris in different sizes can be deposited in the same zone by controlling the oil flow rate and magnet field intensity. Corresponding application software for image sampling and processing was developed. An index of relative wear debris concentration, IPCA (Index of Particle Coverage Area), is given as an output in addition to wear debris images. Finally, two kinds of experiments were specified to assess the effect and validity of the OLVF. The results show that the OLVF has effective deposition and identification for both relatively large and small wear debris with rational control parameters. The validity examinations with the commercial particle quantifier (PQ) and direct reading ferrograph (DR) show that the OLVF has an approaching trend to the reference instruments in both heavily and lightly contaminated oil.

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Section: Fig 5-typical Wear Debris Images With Various Light Conditimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Equation [8] indicates that the minimum size of the wear particles for deposition is determined by the parameters of the magnetic flux density, the oil flow rate, and the kinematic viscosity. With specified deposition parameters, particles smaller than D min will be flushed away by oil flow.…”

Section: Fig 5-typical Wear Debris Images With Various Light Conditimentioning

confidence: 99%

A New On-Line Visual Ferrograph

Mao

Wang

et al. 2009

Tribology Transactions

103

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“…Ferrography is a CM technique, where a microscopic examination and analysis of the ferrous wear particles in lubrication oil is done. Myshkin et al (2003) introduced optical ferroanalyzer in addition to ferrograph, in order to estimate the total contamination of oil.…”

Section: Fluid Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Approaches for Condition Based Maintenance in Applications with Induction Machines located Offshore

Cibulka¹,

Ebbesen²,

Hovland³

et al. 2012

MIC

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This paper presents a review of different approaches for Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) of induction machines and drive trains in offshore applications. The paper contains an overview of common failure modes, monitoring techniques, approaches for diagnostics, and an overview of typical maintenance actions. Although many papers have been written in this area before, this paper puts an emphasis on recent developments and limits the scope to induction machines and drive trains applied in applications located offshore.

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“…There is high potential to develop ferrography as a sensor. Online ferrographs have been created recently which use optical image processing in order to identify particles 65,66 , removing the need for an analyst. Currently accuracy and reliability depend on many different factors such as the flow rate of oil, the magnetic field strength and the distribution patterns of deposited particles.…”

Section: B Ferrographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed State of the Art Review for the Different On-Line/In-Line Oil Analysis Techniques in Context of Wind Turbine Gearboxes

Hamilton

Quail

2011

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Wind Turbine Technology

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/28017/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the II. INTRODUCTIONEnsuring reliability in the wind energy industry is often extremely difficult due to the stochastic nature of the resource, the isolated locations where the plants are built and the complex forces which interact in unexpected and damaging ways 1 . These conditions have led to high failure rates for various different components in the turbine with the gearbox being the most problematic for various reasons 2,3 . Figure 1 shows the failure frequency and downtime of different wind turbine components. Whilst the failure rate is lower than most components, the downtime is far greater. The component itself is expensive so repairs or replacements within the operational lifetime will impact the operational economics of the wind turbine. An £800 bearing could fail, leading to the replacement of a £300,000 gearbox with a £50,000 per day hired crane, excluding the costs incurred from downed electricity production 5,6 . These problems will be exacerbated when more wind farms are located offshore 7 due to greater forces, more isolated conditions and increased access costs. One method to improve reliability is to monitor the condition of components in the wind turbine using sensors which measure different variables. Using this data with statistical methods, the current and future condition of components may be accurately assessed 8 . This will allow decisions on when maintenance or replacements occur to be made with a higher degree of certainty. According to McMillan and Ault, it is envisioned that this will reduce failure rates, allow an efficient maintenance regime to be established and reduce overall costs that are incurred due to downed wind turbines 9 . The gearbox is an ideal component to monitor for several reasons. The gearbox is responsible for many of the maintenance costs due to repairs, replacements and turbine downtime.There are many different indicators of its condition, such as abnormal vibrations and acoustic emissions 10,11 . However in a wind turbine nacelle these indicators can be influenced by other components such as the generator and wind loads. It is believed that these factors will reduce the overall accuracy of vibration and acoustic emission analysis. Another majo...

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Wear monitoring based on the analysis of lubricant contamination by optical ferroanalyzer

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

A New On-Line Visual Ferrograph

A New On-Line Visual Ferrograph

Review on Approaches for Condition Based Maintenance in Applications with Induction Machines located Offshore

Detailed State of the Art Review for the Different On-Line/In-Line Oil Analysis Techniques in Context of Wind Turbine Gearboxes

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