Wear Coatings For High Load Applications

Rao, Jeff; Rose, T.; Craig, Matthew; Nicholls, John

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.005

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The post impact results show a decrease in ID/IG corresponding to higher sp 3 content and destruction of larger sp 2 clusters [75]. There could also be a degree of hardening that occurs due to the Hall Petch effect or by compression of the nanocrystallites under impact [67,73,89]. Conversely, Si doping increases sp 3 fraction in a coating structure [13,90,91] however this doesn't result in a harder coating due to it developing a polymer like structure [92] and further softening with graphitisation (increase in ID/IG in Table 3) [74].…”

Section: Coating Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing fatigue resistance in multi-layer DLC coatings by micro- and nano-impact: Correlation to erosion tests

McMaster

Liskiewicz

Neville

et al. 2020

Surface and Coatings Technology

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DLC coatings have seen recent use as protective coatings for flow control devices in the oil and gas industries. Improving fatigue resistance for multi-layered DLC coatings on hardened steel is key for improving their performance in this harsh environment of highly loads repetitive contact. This has been studied directly by micro-scale repetitive impact tests at significantly higher strain rate and energy than in the nano-impact test, enabling the study of coating fatigue with spherical indenters and dry erosion testing. Nano-impact has also been used to assess the initial fatigue behaviour of the coatings. Good correlation between microimpact results and erosion results was found. Hard multi-layered a-C:H and Si-a-C:H coatings were found to be significantly less durable under fatigue loading than a-C:H:W. The influence of the coating mechanical properties and structure on these differences is discussed.The results of this study provide further strong evidence that in highly loaded mechanical contact applications requiring a combination of load support and resistance to impact fatigue, the optimum lifetime of coated components may be achieved by designing the coating system to combine these properties rather than by solely aiming to maximise coating hardness as this may be accompanied by brittle fracture and higher wear.

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Section: Coating Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing fatigue resistance in multi-layer DLC coatings by micro- and nano-impact: Correlation to erosion tests

McMaster

Liskiewicz

Neville

et al. 2020

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…Its originally recorded and fitted Raman spectra with certain characteristic regions are demonstrated in Figure b,c, respectively. From Figure c, each Raman spectrum can be processed by peak deconvolution, namely, a benzene ring peak of 1227 cm –1 , a D-mode of 1360 cm –1 originating from the breathing vibration of ring-sp 2 -based configurations, and a G-mode of 1580 cm –1 resulting from the stretching vibration of aromatic or chain sp 2 -based configurations. ,− As for the peak around 1227 cm –1 , it can be believed that the intrinsic benzene ring sp 2 structure of the outmost PLC layers has the potential for its derivation, which is markedly different from the highly hydrogenated DLC monolayer films using a deposition parameter of low ion energies in previous reports. , The relevant study has noticed that the benzene ring sp 2 structures derive from the retaining of the benzene ring molecular structures of the toluene gases, which can be contained in the films for the deposition voltage at a low level of 0.3 kV. , Moreover, the G -peak location position and band intensity ratios of I D / I G can also be obtained by the Raman fitting results, as shown in Figure c. From the following deduction of the quantitative formula proposed by Casiraghi et al, the hydrogen content of the DLC films can be calculated H [ a t ⁢ % ] = 21.7 + 16.6 0.25em log { m I false( G false) false[ μ normalm false] } where m is regulated as the linear slope of the Raman spectrum in the wavenumber range from 1000 to 1800 cm –1 containing the information of the two bands D-peak and G-peak, and I ( G ) is the intensity of the G-peak, which can be obtained after the peak fitting process by adopting the Gaussian deconvolution method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,36 The relevant study has noticed that the benzene ring sp 2 structures derive from the retaining of the benzene ring molecular structures of the toluene gases, which can be contained in the films for the deposition voltage at a low level of 0.3 kV. 37,39 Moreover, the G-peak location position and band intensity ratios of I D /I G can also be obtained by the Raman fitting results, as shown in Figure 7c. From the following deduction of the quantitative formula 35 proposed by Casiraghi et al, the hydrogen content of the DLC films can be calculated…”

Section: Tribological Performancementioning

confidence: 92%

Genesis of Superlow Friction in Strengthening Si-DLC/PLC Nanostructured Multilayer Films for Robust Superlubricity at Ultrahigh Contact Stress

Deng

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have significant potential to provide solutions for the friction reduction and the lubricity problem of mechanical moving friction pairs. However, the realization of excellent lubrication or even superlubricity and long lifetime under heavy loading conditions is still a great challenge, which is crucial for the applications of DLC in harsh environments. Here, we construct a group of property-strengthening Si-DLC/PLC multilayer films that could withstand ultrahigh contact stresses and achieve robust superlubricity. Under a peak Hertz contact stress of up to 2.37 GPa, the setup of a bilayer thickness of 324 nm enables the multilayered film (an overall film thickness of 1.53 μm) to achieve a superlow coefficient of friction toward 0.001 and an ultralow wear rate of 3.13 × 10–9 mm3/Nm. An alternating load reciprocating friction test emphasizes that this strengthening nanostructured Si-DLC/PLC multilayer possesses a kind of load self-adaptation because of its in situ nanoclustering transformation and local ordering of sp2-C phases at the sliding interface. The genesis of self-adaptation to the applied load is evaluated comprehensively to reveal its strengthening and toughening structural characteristics and robustness of the near-zero friction and wear features. The findings provide a significant design criterion for carbon-based solid lubricants applicable to harsh loading environments.

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“…The two regimes correspond to a lower and higher rate of material loss as shown in Figure 4b. In regime (1), and where the TiB2 content less than 20%, the material does not break up and the loss from the surface is via film delamination, manifesting as having a low sheer stress at the material interface. In contrast, in regime (2), where the TiB2 content is greater than 20%, we postulate that the material breaks up into finer particles, which together at the high loads produces the greater wear rate.…”

Section: Multi-pass Bi-directional Wear Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lifetimes and the premature wear of forging dies and other machining tools impact on manufacturing efficiencies and product qualities. More than half of machining tool damage can be attributed to component wear with potential downtimes affecting productivity [1,2]. The demand to improve the tribological characteristics of machining tools using coatings is therefore considered to be an efficient and cost-effective proposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium Aluminium Nitride and Titanium Boride Multilayer Coatings Designed to Combat Tool Wear

2017

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The lifetimes and the premature wear of machining tools impact on manufacturing efficiencies and productivities. A significant proportion of machining tool damage can be attributed to component wear. Here, titanium aluminium nitride (TiAlN) multi-layered with titanium diboride (TiB 2) prepared by PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) sputtering onto H-13 substrates are studied as potential wear-resistant coatings for forging die applications. The TiB 2 content has been altered and two-sets of coating systems with a bilayer thickness either less than or greater than 1 µm are investigated by tribological and microstructural analysis. XRD analysis of the multilayers reveals the coatings to be predominately dominated by the TiAlN (200) peak, with additional peaks of TiN (200) and Ti (101) at a TiB 2 content of 9%. Progressive loads increasing to 100 N enabled the friction coefficients and the coating failure at a critical load to be determined. Friction coefficients of around 0.2 have been measured in a coating containing 9% TiB 2 at critical loads of approximately 70 N. Bi-directional wear tests reveal that bilayers with thicknesses greater than 1 µm have frictional coefficients that are approximately 50% lower than those where the bilayer is less than 1 µm. This is due to the greater ability of thicker bilayers to uniformly distribute the stress within the layers. There are two observed frictional coefficient regimes corresponding to a lower and higher rate of material loss. At the lower regime, with TiB 2 contents below 20%, material loss occurs mainly via delamination between the layers, whilst at compositions above this, material loss occurs via a break-up of material into finer particles that in combination with the higher loads results in greater material loss. The measured wear scar volumes for the TiAlN/TiB 2 multilayer coatings are approximately three times lower than those measured on the substrate, thus validating the increased wear resistance offered by these composite coatings.

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Wear Coatings For High Load Applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Probing fatigue resistance in multi-layer DLC coatings by micro- and nano-impact: Correlation to erosion tests

Probing fatigue resistance in multi-layer DLC coatings by micro- and nano-impact: Correlation to erosion tests

Genesis of Superlow Friction in Strengthening Si-DLC/PLC Nanostructured Multilayer Films for Robust Superlubricity at Ultrahigh Contact Stress

Titanium Aluminium Nitride and Titanium Boride Multilayer Coatings Designed to Combat Tool Wear

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